Use Of Basic Ph Solutions For Efficient Bacteria Inactivation
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Compounds Targeting Misregulated Protein Kinases
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego inventors have used computer simulations to identify new compositions and methods for designing novel kinase inhibitors with increased specificity. The technology has been validated using a proof-of-concept inhibitor in various in vitro and in vivo assays and it is anticipated that the model will allow inventors to engineer specificity into related compositions.
Novel Uses of Approved Drugs as Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvants
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Cholera toxin (CT) is one of the most potent mucosal adjuvants known, but its toxicity in humans precludes its use as a vaccine adjuvant and the mechanisms by which CT exerts its adjuvant effects are incompletely understood. UC San Diego researchers have now shown that a specific class of immune cells mediate the mucosal adjuvant effects of CT and have identified new pathways involved in this induction. These novel pathways are central to the mucosal adjuvant activities of CT and identify targets for the development of proprietary novel ...
Rigid Endoscopic Probe For Non-Linear Optical Microscopic (NLOM) Imaging
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Novel therapeutic approach for cancer, fibrosis and auto-immune disorders
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UCSD researchers have discovered a widely applicable method for inhibiting cell migration and invasion using pharmacological or genetic approaches. Activation of a specific cellular protein by pharmacological agents or by gene expression inhibits cell migration in all cell types in vitro and inhibits angiogenesis in vivo. This broad-based method provides a valuable, widely applicable ...
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Current methods for the treatment of cancer, such as chemotherapy and radiation often damage normal cells, leading to mutations that can cause new types of cancer to develop many years after therapy for the original cancer was stopped. Another difficulty with effectively treating cancer is the upregulation of transporters to pump a drug back out of the cell before it can have ...
Phosphatases That Regulate Gene Transcription
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UCSD researchers have determined a novel activity for a family of small c-terminal domain phosphatases (SCP) in regulating gene transcription by preferentially dephosphorylating ser5 of RNA polymerase II. The UCSD researchers have developed methods for upregulating or downregulating gene expression by modulating the activity of the SCP enzymes. The invention has applications as a platform for drug discovery, in diagnosing cancer or neurological disease, and in research reagent development.
Molecular Determinants Of EGFR Kinase Inhibitor Response In Glioblastoma
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
UCLA scientists recently determined the underlying cause of EGFR kinase inhibitor resistance in GBM. Patients with malignant glioma were treated with EGFR kinase inhibitors and classified as either responders (>25% tumor shrinkage) or non-responders (>25% tumor growth). Responders had 5.6 times greater median time to progression than non-responders (290 days vs. 52 days, respectively). Parsing of the data revealed the expression of two particular genes in the responder group while non-responders failed to express these same genes. Patients ...
Compositions and Methods for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Several immunogenic peptides of human TRT have previously been identified that can activate CTL and are good candidates as a component of a cancer vaccine. Newly-identified peptides now provide additional candidate molecules for a cancer vaccine; these peptides have demonstrated CTL induction in human blood cells in vitro and immunogenicity in transgenic mouse models of the human immune system. They, therefore, provide well characterized candidate molecules that potentially have therapeutic capabilities in humans.
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Utilizing a method analogous to that previously developed by UC San Diego inventors (Anand et al. 2010l; disclosed as technology SD2011-031), this technology is an additional microRNA composition capable of suppressing the induction of neovascularization. Conversely, the growth of blood vessels may be induced by introducing amounts of the specific anti-microRNA.
Use Of Pak Inhibitors In The Treatment Of Human Cancers
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Because specific cRAF phosphorylation can lead to tumor activation, a number of drugs have been designed to inhibit phosphorylation and activation of this pathway. Recent studies have identified a previously unknown means of targeting this pathway by directly inhibiting PAK (p-21 activated kinase), which acts immediately downstream of integrin alphav-beta3 (ανβ3). As with other drugs that act on this pathway, patients with high levels of phosphorylated cRAF would be good candidates for treatment with PAK inhibitors and ...
A Novel and Sensitive Method for Cancer Diagnosis and Monitoring
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego researchers have developed a novel method, distinctly different from the conventional approaches, for the early diagnosis and monitoring of cancers. The method combines the specificity of targeted imaging, the versatility of biopsy, and ease of sampling of blood biomarkers. The method has the potential to be safe and inexpensive and drastically increases chance of detecting cancer early and thus improves prognosis and quality of patient life.
Nano Systems For Drug Delivery
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Researchers at the University of California, Davis have developed novel systems for controlled delivery of poor water-soluble, yet active agents, such as anticancer drugs. These various novel systems were designed using unique telodendritic polymers to form reversibly cross-linked micelle systems.
Therapeutics and Biomarkers Based in Kinase (RON RTK)/Growth Factor (IGF1-R) Crosstalk
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC Researchers have found that some of RON's effects in pancreatic tumor cells are mediated by binding to Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R) and suggest that the ability of activated IGF1R to trans-activate RON would enable the design of therapies and biomarkers based on the cross-talk between these receptor kinases.
PERCUTANEOUS CANCER THERAPEUTIC DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Cancer metastases are often not amenable to systemic chemotherapy. As such, surgical excision remains one of the mainstays of therapy for these tumors. Previously, these tumors were identified on physical exam. However, with each advance in imaging technology, cancers are being detected earlier and often found before they are even palpable. While earlier detection has been a boon to patients by improving survival, these non-palpable lesions are difficult to localize operatively making surgical excision arduous, time-consuming, and fraught ...
A New Type Of Nanodrug For Cancer Therapy
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
UCLA researchers have developed NanoCamp, a novel cancer therapeutic consisting of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) conjugated with camptothecin. The MSN surface has been further engineered with folic acid to specifically target tumor cells. NanoCamp was injected intravenously into mice with human breast and pancreatic cancer xenografts and was found to have significantly lower toxicity than camptothecin alone, with significantly improved outcomes in both safety and efficacy. The researchers show by in vivo imaging that the MSNs ...
Polyamine Ligands for Use as Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UCSD inventors have used several polyamine ligands as "warheads" which result in compounds that are more selective for copper and zinc. The ability of the compounds to bind metals in the active site of a protein or enzyme will make these effective inhibitors. It is anticipated that the compounds will be potent inhibitors with fewer side effects than seen with hydroxamic acids. Some synthetic chemistry and limited biological activity assays (several of the compounds have already been tested in vitro and show activity against MMPs and/or lethal ...
Small Molecule Inhibitors of Ire1
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
UCSF investigators have developed novel pharmacological compounds that modulate Ire1, including the first small molecule capable of regulating Ire1. Drug-like inhibitors of Ire1 have been developed and their unique mode of action has been described. The lead compound shows strong mouse xenograft tumor growth inhibition with no apparent toxicity at doses below 50mg/kg. Our investigators have also developed methods to screen new compounds for the ability to inhibit Ire1.
Targeted Small Molecules for Inhibiting Oncogenic RET Activity
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Investigators at UCSF and Mount Sinai School of Medicine have identified and tested novel small molecule compounds that target oncogenic RET with low toxicity and a large therapeutic index in Drosophila and mammalian models of MEN2. Studies indicate that the compounds may be an improvement over Vandetanib, a kinase inhibitor recently approved for MTC patients. Our investigators used a novel Drosophila "viability assay" to quantitatively assay efficacy of RET inhibition in the whole animal. Results showed that our lead RET ...
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
The present invention concerns a method for treating and/or inhibiting prostate cancer in a patient comprising administering alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in an amount and duration sufficient to stabilize or reduce the amount of polyamine produced by the hyperplastic cells, wherein said polyamine is spermine, spermidine or a combination of spermine and spermidine.
Enabling Ultrasound to Control the Heating of Tissue
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Researchers at the University of California, Davis, have developed a method to directly control the heating of a tissue using ultrasound by feeding a temperature measurement back into the ultrasound controller and varying the pressure, frequency, and pulse repetition rate to maintain the temperature. The measurement (in addition to the processed image) can be used to estimate temperature within the entire region of interest. This has been combined with temperature sensitive drug delivery vehicles to produce a high concentration of a ...
Two Groups Of Antibiotics That Elicit Radioprotection From Lethal Dose Radation
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Researchers at UCLA have discovered two groups of antibiotics that can function in whole body radioprotection. Specifically, these antibiotics were found to be able to protect lymphocytes and the lymphoid and myeloid stem/progenitor populations from radiation damage. Furthermore, the antibiotics were not seen to interfere with the radiotherapy of tumor cells in vivo, suggesting a potential application for this drug in cancer radiotherapy. In this context, these antibiotics could function to greatly reduce the adverse side effects ...
Inhibition of a Macrophage-Specific Pathway to Treat Malignant Ascites
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Researchers at UCLA have identified a molecular pathway in macrophages that preliminary studies suggest is an efficacious therapeutic target for ascites. In a murine model of late-stage ovarian cancer, researchers have demonstrated that targeted inhibition of this pathway with an available inhibitor reduced ascites formation and abdominal girth. Treatment was effective with oral administration of the inhibitor, suggesting great promise as a noninvasive treatment of ascites and ascites malignancies.
SUB-TYPE SPECIFIC SERUM BIOMARKERS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCERS
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Investigators at three institutions have conducted a multi-site investigation to identify cancer-associated glycosites on glycoproteins that may circulate in patients’ blood. Specifically, the study targeted triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), so-called because it lacks expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors and displays moderate levels of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This highly aggressive cancer subtype is of particular clinical interest because there are no targeted therapies for its ...
Dual Inhibitors of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase and Cyclooxygenase-2
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Researchers at the University of California, Davis have previously shown that sEH inhibition stabilizes endogenous levels of EETs, a benefit for treatments of various deseases which include inflammation, pain and various cardiovascular diseases. In addition to this, the coadministration of NSAIDs and sEH inhibitors has shown to be particularly valuable in the treatment of pain, inflammation, and cancers. With that in mind, the novel compounds developed by UC Davis researchers inhibit both the sEH and COX-2, that is, a single ...
Novel and Specific Inhibitors of p21
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 promotes cell survival by preventing the apoptosis of cells. Thus, this protein is the cancer cell’s method of defeating attempts to kill it, as by chemotherapy, a situation which is clearly harmful for the cancer patient. Using drug design, researchers at University of California have discovered several specific inhibitors of p21 that are more stable and more effective than the previously discovered small molecule p21 inhibitors. Inhibiting the levels of p21 diminishes its anti-apoptotic effect ...
Method for Selective Methionine Starvation of Malignant Cells
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at the University of California have patented a method for selectively starving MTAP negative cells in a mammal. First, cells that are suspected of being MTAP negative are tested to determine whether transcript for MTAP is present. Once lack of transcript is confirmed, a therapeutically effective amount of an enzyme, called METase, that degrades both MET and homocysteine is administered. This serves to eliminate potential sources of MET for MTAP negative cells, causing them to starve. At the same time that METase is administered, ...
Use of Novel Target to Inhibit Nucleotide Synthesis in Cancerous Cells
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Investigators at the University of California, San Francisco have identified a target which can be utilized for inhibition of the nucleotide biosynthetic pathway. This target is a key component for the production of pyrimidines, purines and pyridines. Since it is specific to proliferating cells, inhibition of this target may effectively avoid toxicity in normal cells while killing the oncogenic cells. The investigators have demonstrated the utility of this target in mouse and human oncogneic cell lines, ...
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
The ability of a tumor to initiate and sustain capillary formation (angiogenesis) is closely related to its growth and progression to metastasis. This is particularly important in the case of all solid cancers. Rates of mortality are high once the disease reaches an invasive or metastatic phase. Scientists at the University of California have found a plant seed extract that offers a non-toxic yet potent angiogenic inhibitor. Unlike current anti-angiogenic drugs, which are very expensive, the UC seed extract offers a relatively ...
A Novel Dynamic Shielding Applicator for High Dose Rate Brachytherapy
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at UC San Diego have designed a novel “dynamic” modulated brachytherapy (DMBT) applicator, based on robotic controls, which allows isotropic radiation to directionally conform to a patient’s specific anatomy on a daily basis for accurate tumorcidal dose delivery while drastically reducing radiation and toxicity to the surrounding healthy tissues.The movable tungsten applicator, with dynamic window, encapsulates the radiation source and is programmed to translate along the axial dimension of the applicator ...
Methods for Detection and Elimination of Dormant Cancer Stem Cells
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC inventors found that by inhibiting the Shh pathway (validated for Smo inhibition), dormant cancer stem cells could be forced back into the cell cycle where they again become susceptible to BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., imatinib and dasatinib). And, because the stages of disease are characterized by predictable RNA isoform patterns, the levels of specific RNA isoforms and downstream gene products comprise companion indicators of CML progression and the likelihood of response to current therapeutic options.
Splice Isoform Biomarkers Of Response To Cancer Stem Cell Targeted Therapy
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC researchers have found that the extent of JAK2 and STAT5A phosphorylation as well as the RNA isoform patterns indicate the extent of response to selective JAK2 inhibition and can also be used to inform the clinician whether this therapeutic approach is likely to succeed.
Adenoviral Vector with Tumor-Selective Expression
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego researchers have developed a modified human adenoviral vector that appears to be selectively expressed in a number of tumor cell lines. Work is in progress to find ways to optimize the oncolytic activity of a modified virus by “tuning” (genetically engineering) expression in specific types of tumor vs. normal tissue. Preliminary experiments also indicate a good safety profile.
ISS-Receptor As A Drug Discovery Tool
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at UC San Diego have discovered that ISS (TLR9 ligand) interacts with the catalytic subunit a DNA dependant protein kinase (DNA-PK) that plays a pivotal role in repair of DNA double-stranded breaks created by environmental insults or by intrinsic cellular processes such as programmed DNA rearrangements during lymphocyte differentiation. The researchers further discovered that ISS activation of the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK induces an innate cytokine response. In the present invention, this practically translates into ...
Organization: University of California, Riverside (UCR)
Novel Small Molecules, Gambogic Acid Analogues, as Anticancer Agents
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Through a new method of synthesis, UC San Diego researchers have developed small molecules that maintain the basic structural motif and the biological proprieties of the more structurally complex natural products of this family (gambogic acid). At low concentrations, these new natural analogues are inducers of apoptosis, activators of caspases, and inhibitors of cancer cell growth in a variety of tumor cell lines, including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (the most sensitive), promyelocitic leukemia, melanoma, colon, and ...
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at UC San Diego have discovered compounds to inhibit the downstream signaling activity of Ras and possibly other small GTPases. Their invention describes a novel multi-level computational approach to discover potential inhibitors of previously uncharacterized allosteric sites. The invention describes the application of an integrated bioinformatics approach that couples fragment, grid, and ligand based binding-site mapping methods with virtual screening of small molecule libraries against an ensemble of distinct Ras ...
Diagnosis of Cancers with Metastatic Potential
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
The invention also provides a method for identifying a cell proliferative disorder in a subject comprising: quantifying the expression of PINCH, ILK, or a combination thereof and correlating the level of expression with the presence of a cell proliferative disorder, wherein an elevated level of PINCH and/or ILK is indicative of metastatic potential. The test is currently performed by immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded or frozen tissue sections. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays are under ...
PROTEIN THERAPEUTIC FOR THE TREATMENT OF CHEMO-RESISTANT MELANOMA
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Melanomas are skin cancers with high metastatic potential with an increasing incidence of 6-7% per year since 1985. Melanoma is a malignancy that affects a younger population compared to most other solid tumors, and it is the leading cause of cancer death in women ages 20-30 years old. The effective treatment of metastatic melanoma has been critically impeded by the resistance of tumor cells to a wide range of therapies. This is in contrast to many other cancers that are amenable to treatment with agents such as cisplatin or carboplatin, ...
Mouse Model of Cardiac and Muscle Disease and Cancer Caused by a Mitochondrial DNA Point Mutation
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
UCI researchers report the introduction of a mtDNA harboring a missense mutation in the COI gene into the mouse that predisposes the mice to develop myopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as well as certain hyperproliferative conditions in an age-related manner. This is the first mouse model for investigating the mitochondrial etiology of age-related diseases and cancer and for use in screening for and determining the efficacy of therapeutic agents to treat these common life threatening disorders.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of Ras
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
UCSF investigators have identified several lead compounds that have the potential to inhibit specific Ras isoforms by screening through a small molecule library. The compounds of interest are predicted to inhibit Ras activity in cancer cells by preventing its membrane localization. They show significant promise in in vitro experiments and future validation studies are planned.
Internalizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies For Prostate Cancer
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Scientists at UCSF have identified a panel of human monoclonal antibodies that bind and internalize into hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells. Because these internalizing antibodies enter into cells via endocytosis, they can be used for efficient delivery of anti-tumor drugs. Further work on the development and characterization of a number of antibodies is ongoing, including the most highly studied antibodies UA20, M10A12 and H3. UA20 is a rapidly internalizing, human monoclonal IgG antibody. This antibody binds to prostate ...
Drug Therapy For Prostate Cancer
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Researchers at UCLA identified a combinatorial drug therapy that can synergistically cause cell death ofprostate cancer cells. This combination therapy is the combination of an mTOR inhibitor and a novelcompound, therefore composition of matter claims are being pursued. In vitro assays show a strongsynergistic effect of this combination against castration-resistant (or androgen independent) prostatecancer cell lines. The mechanism of action appears to be induction of the autophagy pathway. Inxenograft mouse models of prostate cancer, the ...
Nanoparticles for Targeted, In Vivo Delivery of Diverse Drug Chemotypes
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
The invention provides composite nanostructures for use as ex vivo or in vivo drug delivery vehicles. These compositions can deliver diverse classes of drugs including proteins and peptides, small molecules, and nucleic acid. They are also amenable to covalent attachment of targeting ligands for highly effective and selective payload delivery.
Prosaposin: Therapeutic Compound for Prevention and Treatment of Pain
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
The compound prosaposin and its methods of use, already tested in Phase I and II clinical trials, is available for licensing. Prosaposin is the precursor of the saposins and has both neurotrophic and myelinotrophic activity in vitro and in vivo. It is an injury-repair protein that acts on both neurons and glia. Prosaposin also has myotrophic properties and can attenuate loss of muscle mass after nerve injury.Prosaposin and peptide derivatives of it will promote neurite outgrowth in vitro. A peptide consensus sequence was determined by ...
Molecular Mechanisms Of Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis, Diagnosis And Treatment
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at UC San Diego have demonstrated that Shp2 acts as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Using hepatocyte-specific Shp2 knockout and Shp2 Stat3 double knockout mouse models, the inventors found that deletion of Shp2 dramatically enhanced development of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by a chemical carcinogen. This enhancing effect was abolished by concurrent removal of Shp2 and STAT3 in hepatocytes. Thus, in contrast to the leukemogenic effect of dominantly activating mutants, Shp2 can inhibit ...
Peptide Vaccine for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
ROR1 is a tyrosine-protein kinase transmembrane receptor whose expression has been associated with cancer and metastasis. UCSD researchers designed ROR1 peptides and, when conjugated with an immunogenic carrier, and were able to elicit an immune response.
Improved Derivation of Toluidine Blue for Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
University of California, Irvine researchers have developed a new derivation of toluidine blue that has improved specificity for dysplastic lesions so that cancerous lesions may be effectively treated and diagnosed.
Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors of Histone Methyltransferases for the Treatment of Cancer
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
High Affinity Peptide and Cyclotide Antagonists of Neuropilin-1
Organization: University of California, Santa Barbara (UC Santa Barbara)
Researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara have developed novel peptide ligands for neuropillin-1 using a constrained, stable peptide scaffold. The stable scaffold resists degradation by enzymes in the body and therefore provides an excellent framework upon which to develop peptide therapeutics. The peptides bind strongly to neuropilin-1and they are stable with human enzymes. These peptides have been characterized in vitro and will soon be tested with in vivo models.
Development of Protease Activated Trastuzumab for Reduced Cardiac Toxicity
Organization: University of California, Santa Barbara (UC Santa Barbara)
Researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara have developed a pro-antibody variant of Trastuzumab (ProTrastuzumab) designed to be active in tumor rather than cardiac tissues. The selective activation of ProTrastuzumab can reduce binding to cardiac Her2, thus decreasing cardiac toxicity.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of p21
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 promotes cell survival by preventing the apoptosis of cells. Treatment of kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma) by chemotherapy is hampered by the presence of p21 since p21 prevents programmed cell death, which is the mechanism that chemotherapy ultimately works by. Researchers at the University of California, Davis have discovered several small molecule inhibitors of p21. These small molecule inhibitors bind specifically to p21 and inhibit p21 levels by causing ubiquitinylation or proteosomal degradation of p21. ...
Novel Molecular Diagnostic Assay for Lung Cancer
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
UCSF investigators in the Thoracic Oncology Laboratory have developed a novel multi-gene, high-throughput molecular screening assay for early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of lung cancer. This assay provides results to clinicians within 24 hours. The technology for the assay was validated using fresh-frozen tissue specimens of 96 lung adenocarcinoma patients as well as paraffin-embedded tissues for the selected samples. Plans for further clinical validation studies of this technology are underway using a larger ...
Novel Biomarker for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
UCSF investigators in the Thoracic Oncology Laboratory have identified another novel lung cancer biomarker, a unique somatic mutation in a gene not previously associated with lung cancer in a patient diagnosed with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, a subtype of non-small cell lung cancer adenocarcinoma. Investigators screened 96 specimens of lung adenocarcinoma and matched normal tissue to characterize the marker. The researchers demonstrated that this unique gene biomarker codes for a protein significantly overexpressed by ...
Transmission of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress from Tumor Cells to Myeloid Cells
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Metabolic, infectious, and tumor cell-intrinsic noxae can all evoke the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in tumor cells, which is critical for tumor cell growth and cancer progression. Evidence exists that the ER stress response can drive a proinflammatory program in tumor cells and macrophages but, to our knowledge, a role for the tumor ER stress response in influencing macrophages and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment has not been suggested. Here we show that macrophages cultured in conditioned medium from ...
A Molecular Target for the Treatment of Infection or Cancer
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Researchers at UCLA have discovered a novel pathway that may provide a target for bacterial infection. Receptor interacting protein-2 (RIP2), an adaptor molecule for the cytosolic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, NOD1 and NOD2, is known to be involved in host response to intracellular bacteria, but its role in pulmonary host defense against extracellular bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus is unclear. However, in initial laboratory research, the Rip2 pathway was found to augment host defense towards ...
Novel Amide Derivatives of Ethacrynic Acid for Cancer Therapy
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Although the approved drug ethacrynic acid (EA) kills CLL cells at lower doses than normal (non-cancerous) B cells, its strong diuretic activity makes it impractical for patient treatment. Researchers at UC San Diego have developed amide derivatives of EA that show increased potency against CLL cells without diuretic activity. These proprietary compounds inhibit Wnt signaling pathways (which appear to be more active in CLL cells) resulting in reduced survival of tumor cells.
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
The role of complement proteins released from blood borne immune cells infiltrating the site of injury was studied. In addition to their established functions in immunity, complement proteins were shown to play an important role in determining the migration and fate of transplanted neural progenitor cells in the host microenvironment. Specifically, the data demonstrated that complement proteins C1q and C3a promote migration of multipotent stem cells to the site of injury. Subsequently, the multipotent stem cells are provided with signaling ...
Anti-microRNA Targets for Treating Pancreatic Cancer
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Dr. Tim Donahue and colleagues from UCLA’s Departments of Surgery and Pathology have utilized expression profiling of over 200 patient samples to identify miRNAs that are overexpressed in pancreatic tumors and the surrounding stroma, which is known to play a key role in tumor growth and survival. The researchers have identified numerous druggable miRNA targets that may participate in protumorigenic signaling and have devised methods to antagonize their effects. A specific miRNA known to regulate key proteins involved ...
Antibody Therapy for Inhibiting Bladder Cancer and Prostate Cancer Metastasis
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
By developing N-cadherin-specific antibodies and demonstrating their anti-tumor activity, Dr. Reiter’s laboratory has developed the foundation on which to realize anti-N-cadherin therapy for patients. In a seminal paper published in Nature Medicine, Dr. Reiter’s group demonstrated that their antibodies could slow growth of prostate cancer xenografts, block invasion and metastasis, and at high doses, allow complete regression in vivo. N-cadherin expression is positively correlated to progression in bladder cancer, a disease that ...
Domain Specific Antagonistic Antibodies to Human uPAR/CD87
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Background Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)-mediated signaling is associated with invasion, survival and metastasis of tumor cells, including those from primary breast and lung cancers. uPAR activation also facilitates other cellular processes related to the spread of cancer, including angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and cell adhesion. Therefore, it is believed that interruption of the uPAR signaling pathway will be of therapeutic benefit in a variety of cancers. uPAR-mediated signaling is dependent on the binding of ...
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Dr. Eric Vilain and colleagues in UCLA’s Department of Human Genetics have identified a mutant form of a known tumor suppressor, CDKN1C, that leads to inhibition of cellular growth through a novel mechanism and that may be useful as a therapeutic. CDKN1C negatively regulates growth by inhibiting the cell cycle at the G0-G1 transition. Loss of function of CDKN1C due to gene silencing decreases protein production and/or increases protein degradation and has been associated with a plethora of cancers including, not limited to: liver, ...
Small Molecule, TLR-4 Ligands as Immunomodulators
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC researchers have validated means of using TLR-4-specific small molecules as immunomodulatory compositions. Strong ligands are useful as vaccine adjuvants, anticancer agents and immune-stimulants; more weakly binding compositions have been substantially validated, in vivo, for inducing tolerance.
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Researchers at the University of California have identified a novel tumor suppressor gene, called H37. The evaluation of the status of the H37 gene provides information useful in diagnostic and prognostic protocols to assess the status of cells that may have disregulated growth. In addition, methods involving the H37 gene may be utilized in a therapeutic context in a manner analogous to therapeutic methods used with other tumor suppressor genes, such as introduction of polypeptides or oligonucleotides containing the H37 gene. Methods ...
Next-Generation Platinum Agents for the Targeted Treatment of Cancers
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Investigators at UCSF have synthesized novel platinum compounds that have increased affinity for specific cellular influx transporters, leading to higher sequestration of platinum in tissues expressing a particular influx transport mechanism. This higher tissue accumulation translates into higher anticancer potency and lower potential adverse effects. Studies have also shown that expression of influx transporters on cells can significantly increase the cytotoxicity of platinum anticancer compounds, such as oxaliplatin and picoplatin1,2. ...
Revitalization Of Prostate Cancer Drug By Controlling Its Cardiovascular Complications
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Researchers at UCLA have identified the potential cause of DES-induced cardiovascular disease. DES reduces NO levels indirectly by activating the enzymes xanthine oxidase (XO) and NADPH oxidase (NOX). Researchers used XO and NOX inhibitors to restore NO levels in the face of DES. Importantly, treatment with XO and NOX inhibitors did not impact the anti-cancer effects of DES. The investigators hypothesize that a combination therapy of DES and XO/NOX inhibitors could be used to successfully treat prostate cancer patients without ...
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Scientists at the University of California, San Diego and the National Institute of Aging have demonstrated how to design, synthesize, and evaluate radioligands that will be useful for characterizing brain phospholipid metabolism in inflammation using positron emission tomography (PET). The present invention relates to the synthesis and radiosynthesis for 20-[18/19F]fluoroarachidonic acid and 19-[18/19F]fluoroarachidonic acid for PET imaging to replace [11C]AA leading to longer half-life and higher recovery. These compounds may be used to ...
Inhibitors of Intracellular Urokinase Plasminogen Activator
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Novel cell-permeant drug-peptide conjugates with peptidase cleavage sites that exhibit high specificity and potency, and low toxicity, have been developed by researchers at the University of California, Davis. A set of these drug-peptide conjugates has been developed that can permeate normal and disseminated, invasive cancer cells. The inactive prodrugs are cleaved only within the invasive cancer cells by intracellular urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). The bioactivated compound is trapped intracellularly and shown to kill proliferating ...
Multiplexed Point-of-Care Breast Cancer Marker Detection System
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
The presence and advancement of tumors has been shown to be associated with the expression of certain molecular markers. However, currently no single ideal marker exists for breast cancer. Researchers at the University of California, Davis and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) have developed a multiplexed immunoassay to measure a panel of five related molecular markers to achieve more relevant and reliable information for diagnosis of breast cancer. Compared to current breast cancer detection methods, which are associated with ...
Use of Anti-CD22 Monoclonal Antibodies for Cancer Treatment
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Non-Hodgkins lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia are B-cell malignancies that remain important contributors to cancer mortality. The response of these malignancies to various forms of treatment is mixed. While some cases respond to treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the majority of patients die from these diseases. In addition, current therapies have toxic side effects which limit efficacy, particularly in the elderly, a population in which the incidence is increasing. Therefore, there is a need for new treatment options ...
Identification of Cancer Biomarkers using Mammalian Chromatin Modifying Properties of Lunasin
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
The mechanisms by which diet influences health and disease outcomes are not well understood. Our current understanding of how low potency dietary metabolites affect gene activity through genetic regulatory networks and signal transduction pathways cannot fully account for the expression of thousand of genes in hundreds of pathways in a comprehensive and highly coordinated fashion. Earlier research into Lunasin, a soy-peptide, has shown anti-cancer properties through its ability to affect gene expression. Lunasin up-regulates genes that are ...
Technology for Engineering Antibodies with Infinite Affinity for their Antigen
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Technology for engineering antibodies to bind irreversibly to their receptor has been developed by UC Davis researchers. This technology, enabling the formation of permanent antibody-antigen complexes has a number of potential applications in chemistry and biology, including: targeted medical imaging targeted medical therapies (e.g., cancer therapeutics) synthetic tag to replace avidin-biotin no competition from endogenous ligands no dissociation after capture humanized format Furthermore, UC Davis researchers have constructed a bispecific ...
Real-time Characterization of Biological Materials
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Researchers at the University of California, Davis have developed an apparatus that can perform time- and wavelength-resolved spectroscopy capable of recording all data in a "single shot" by wavelength multiplexing and applications of delays to the different spectral components. The device can be used for rapid - near real time spectroscopic characterization of any organic materials (e.g., biological tissues and/or biological systems). Furthermore, when part of a time-resolved laser induced fluorescence system, this device may enable fast ...
Method of Preparing Multivalent Single Chain Antibodies (scFv)
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Single chain fragments (scFv) derived from the small binding domain of parent monoclonal antibodies (MAb) offer pharmacokinetic advantages and target tumor cells more efficiently than MAb. However, methods for producing multivalent scFv have proven to be very challenging. UC Davis researchers have recently developed a novel method to construct divalent scFv through a small linker using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition chemistry.
Breast CT Scanner for Early Cancer Detection
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Researchers at the University of California, Davis have invented new devices and methods for early breast cancer detection through computed tomography (CT) imaging. These inventions enable better diagnosis and evaluation of breast tumors than current methods, and make possible new methods for delivering therapy to breast tumors. CT imaging is clearly recognized as superior to traditional x-ray imaging. However, x-rays are still the standard in mammography because image quality and radiation dose have been difficult obstacles to the adoption ...
Synthesis of Immunopotent Alpha Glycolipids via Glycosyl Iodides
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Alpha glycolipids have shown potent anti-tumor and anti-viral activities as well as potential for the treatment of certain autoimmune disorders. Detailed mechanistic studies suggest this biological activity occurs via Natural Killer T (NKT) cell activation. Several alpha glycolipids are already in Phase I clinical trials for a variety of disease treatments that include cancer and diabetes. Since the structure of the glycolipid dictates the type as well as the extent of immunological activity, a readily accessible library of these molecules is ...
Identification of Persons Who are Likely to Benefit from Statin Mediated Colon Cancer Prevention
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
This study involves the discovery of genetic markers in order to identify individuals who are more likely to benefit from statin mediated colon cancer prevention.
A Chemical Compound with Possible Heterochromatin Remodeling Activity
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Histone deacetylase inhibitors are currently being evaluated in clinical trials as anti-cancer drugs. They are likely to affect cancer cells because they alter the distribution of heterochromatin with resultant multiple downstream effects that cancer cells cope with only poorly. There is great interest in identifying additional chemical compounds that affect heterochromatin.
Disease Markers: Mucin 5B Monoclonal Antibodies
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Two new monoclonal antibodies against human mucin 5B (MUC5B) have been developed by University of California, Davis investigators.Mucin 5B antibodies can be used as markers to study some cancers as well as airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).These new MUC5B antibodies: Are made against the peptide sequence, not the carbohydrates, of mucin 5B, Are made against the N-terminal and central regions of the mucin 5B protein, Are specific to mucin 5B, and Do not cross-react with other species.
Quantitatively Assess Allelic Imbalance in Cancer by Real-Time Comparative Quantitative (CO-) PCR
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
This invention resolved all the drawbacks of past and current technologies and have incredible power on detection of allele imbalance of cancer genome. All loci are potentially informative, paired normal tissue is not required, gain can be distinguished from loss, and the data is independent of input quantify of sample DNA and standard DNA. Furthermore, it is a highly sensitive detection system, that the input DNA can be as little as 1 ng.
Biosynthetic Genes for a Potent Antitumor Agent
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
The enediyne family of antitumor antibiotics comprises the most potent, most highly active antitumor agents ever discovered, with some members of this family being 1000 times more potent than adriamycin, one of the most effective antitumor antibiotics in current clinical use. However, the natural enediynes that have undergone testing so far have shown either a limited spectrum of activity or unpredictable toxicity, making them unsuitable for therapeutic applications. Superior attenuation of these undesirable side effects has been observed in ...
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
UCi inventors have developed an in vitro system whereby cancer cells are grown as three dimensional spheres, or spheroids, and are then mixed with spheroids formed by tumor derived vascular endothelial cells. After a period of time the vascular cell spheroids merge with the tumor spheroids, moving into the center of the tumor spheroid. Anti-angiogenesis and anticancer drugs are then added to the co-cultured spheroids to determine their response to treatment. Cell death is assayed using several standard methods, including apoptosis and cell ...
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Bleomycins (BLMs) are a family of glycopeptide-derived anti-tumor antibiotics originally isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces verticillus. BLMs exhibit strong anti-tumor activity and are one member of the family of anti-cancer drugs that is widely used for the treatment of lymphoma (particularly Hodgkin's disease), testicular tumors, various squamous cell carcinomas, and malignant effusions in ovarian and breast cancer. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, there was a great emphasis on the development of high-yield strains and ...
Lymphoma Diagnosis and Therapy
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
The specific cell surface antigen for Lym-1, a murine monoclonal antibody selective for malignant B lymphocytes, has been identified as a discontinuous epitope on the beta chain of many, but not all HLA-DR subtypes, by UC Davis investigators. Lym-1 has shown promising results in targeted lymphoma radiodiagnosis and therapy.
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Screening for molecules affecting CRAC current using RNA interference in Drosophila cell lines, Dr. Cahalan's team and three other groups of researchers have independently found several cofactors that are implicated in CRAC function. Dr. Cahalan's team identified cofactor Orai that forms CRAC channel allowing calcium to enter the cell. Further 75 RNAi hits that inhibit Ca2 influx were identified. Further Prof. Cahalan is planning to identify compounds that modulate activity of Orai and affect CRAC channel by blockage or enhancement. Such ...
Anti-Progesterone in Breast Cancer Chemoprevention
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Treatment with anti-progesterone, mifepristone, prevents tumorigenesis in mice carrying mutated Brca1/p53 alleles. Anti-progesterone pellet containing 30mg/60 days constant release mifepristone (RU486), or placebo pellet was implanted into twelve 3- and two 4- month-old mice. Mice were monitored weekly for tumor formation. All control mice or placebo pellet treated mice developed palpable tumors. In the RU486 treated group no palpable tumors were detected.The invention is published in Science 1 December 2006 314: 1467-1470
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
The present invention is directed to compositions and methods in which a compound interferes, and most typically disrupts or prevents BRCA2/RAD5 1 interaction, and / or RAD5 1 multimerization. Two small compounds with molecular weight about 300-400 were isolated from reverse yeast two hybrid screening using a chemical library containing 30000 compounds. These compounds disrupt the interaction between BRCA2 and Rad51 and lead to sensitive to DNA damage agents such as ionizing radiation or cisplatinim treatment. Therefore, these compounds can ...
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Researchers at the University of California, Davis have developed a novel device for the treatment of swallowing disorders (i.e., dysphagia). Individuals who suffer from oropharyngeal dysphagia have just a few treatment options, which include swallowing therapy, diet restriction, non-oral feeding, and a few invasive surgical options with questionable benefit. Conditions that can lead to oropharyngeal dysphagia include radiation therapy for head and neck cancer, stroke, brain surgery, and head trauma. UC Davis researchers' novel device can be ...
A Soy-peptide to Prevent Cancer
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Research into lunasin, a peptide derived from soybean, has shown its anti-neoplastic properties (e.g., in cell transformation, foci formation, etc.) through its ability to control gene expression, but nothing is known about which specific genes fundamental to carcinogenesis are regulated by lunasin.Researchers at the University of Califorina, Davis have identified specific target genes in malignant cells whose expression profile is altered in response to lunasin exposure. Gene expression profiling reveals that lunasin up-regulates ...
Methods and Reagents for Screening New Drugs and Treating Ion Pump Associated Disorders
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Researchers at the University of California have discovered that agrin, a naturally occurring ~400 kDa extracellular matrix protein, binds specifically to one member of the Na /K -ATPase family and inhibits its activity. Two minimal fragments of agrin were discovered; one that acts as an agrin antagonist and one that binds and modulates the Na /K -ATPase 3 subunit. Agrin fragments, which can have agonistic or antagonistic activity, can be used as a tool to differentiate between different members of the Na /K -ATPase family. Exploiting the ...
Peptide Conjugates for Imaging and Treating Pancreatic Cancer
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Researchers at the University of California, Davis have developed a method for the convenient synthesis and improved in vivo behavior of a probe for targeted in vivo and in vitro detection of the integrin alpha-v beta-6 (αvß6), a cell surface receptor linked to certain cancers. Using this method, UC Davis researchers have identified pancreatic cancer as a novel target for imaging αvß6-expression in vivo and successfully imaged a mouse model by PET. Tumors not detected by standard imaging probes were clearly visualized by ...
A Novel Approach to Peptide Labeling for the Imaging of Cancer by PET
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive, noninvasive method for the detection of cancer. Although the technique is generally available in major oncology clinics, its usefulness is nonetheless restricted by limitations in radiolabeling methodology. PET makes predominant use of the positron-emitting fluorine isotope 18F. Currently, the only practical vehicle for clinical application of 18F in PET is 2-18F-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), which is taken up by many types of tumor cells. The exclusive use of FDG ...
An Effective Anti-Cancer Combination Therapy, with Substantially Reduced Side Effects
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Researchers at the University of California, Davis have developed an effective local therapeutic strategy with substantially reduced side effects using a combined treatment with increased and stable loading of doxorubicin (Dox) using a complex of Dox and copper (II). Cu-liposomes were loaded with Dox up to a maximum concentration of 0.6mg-drug/mg-lipid with 100% loading. UC Davis researchers have studied the efficacy of Cu-Dox liposomes and optimized the treatment strategy using the highly invasive and metastatic Met-1 tumor, a syngeneic ...
A Novel RGD-Containing Cyclic Peptide for use in Cancer Imaging and as a Targeted-Therapy Ligand
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
The compound has the ability to bind to target αvβ3 integrin on tumor cells and neovasculatures and can be used in tumor diagnostic imaging and therapy. This compound outperforms existing commonly used RGD ligands in both targeting efficacy and lower non-specific binding to normal organ tissues. The compound can be easily functionalized to conjugate imaging payload without decreasing binding strength. The compound bound αvβ3 integrin as evidenced by stained glioblastoma U-87 MG cells and melanoma A375M cells. The ...
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
The present invention is directed to compositions and methods in which a compound interferes, and most typically disrupts or prevents BRCA2/RAD5 1 interaction, and / or RAD5 1 multimerization. Two small compounds with molecular weight about 300-400 were isolated from reverse yeast two hybrid screening using a chemical library containing 30000 compounds. These compounds disrupt the interaction between BRCA2 and Rad51 and lead to sensitive to DNA damage agents such as ionizing radiation or cisplatinim treatment. Therefore, these compounds can ...
Design and Synthesis of PET Radioligands for alpha 4 beta 2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
The present invention is directed to compositions and methods for targeting the alpha 4 beta 2 receptor, wherein compounds in such compositions will selectively bind to the alpha 4 beta 2 receptor. Where the compounds are labeled, it is contemplated that binding and/or location of the alpha 4 beta 2 receptor may be analyzed in vitro and in vivo using PET and SPECT analysis. Alternatively, and/or additionally contemplated compounds can be used as antagonists, partial agonists or agonists in the treatment of diseases or conditions associated ...
Treatment of Bladder and Urinary Tract Cancers Using Chalcone and Flavone Derivatives
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Researchers at the University of California, Irvine have demonstrated that naturally occurring phytochemicals, certain chalcones and flavones, found in a plant extract can potently inhibit bladder cancer cell growth in a time and dose-dependent manner in cell cultures. These phytochemicals induce activation of caspase 9 and 3 and induce cleavage of PARP in bladder cancer T24 cells. Both the activation of caspase 9 and 3, and PARP are indicative of cancer cell apoptosis.
New use for Sorafenib to Enhance the Efficacy of Chemotherapeutic Agents
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
There are few effective therapeutic options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Conventional chemotherapeutic agents are ineffective since these tumors are resistant to DNA damage, likely due to an exuberant DNA repair response. Sorafenib is currently used in clinics to treat advanced RCC as well as unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma however, there are severe, although rare, adverse events associated with this drug such as cardiac ischemia, left ventricular dysfunction, neutropenia and hypertension. Thus, there is an unmet need to ...
Novel Small Molecule Biomarker For Detection Of Breast Cancer and its Risk
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Estrogens are implicated in the development of many cancers, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial cancer. There is a clear association between cumulative exposure of exogenous and indigenous estrogens and the risk of breast cancer. Currently, there are three major pathways that have been proposed for estrogen induced carcinogenicity. The mutations resulting from these pathways could lead to transformation and initiation of cancer. Researchers at UC Davis have discovered a novel pathway for estrogen ...
Granulin as a Target for Tumor Diagnosis and Growth Regulation
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Researchers at the University of California have developed a new method for identifying differentially expressed gene products that are translated from mRNA species. This method, termed differential immuno-absorption (DIA), uses subtractive antibody-based screening of target versus control tissues followed by screening of a cDNA expression library to identify differentially expressed proteins. DIA can be coupled to cDNA microarray hybridization and used in the identification of genes that play a role in the malignant progression of ...
Predicting Treatment Response in Cancer Patients
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
This new imaging approach provides a rapid, non-invasive test of the cancer's response to chemo and molecular targeted therapies, including the detection of drug resistance cells. The imaging approach is based on optical measurement of changes in metabolic activity of individual cells, upon exposure to cancer therapies. The imaging approach is significantly more sensitive than existing imaging methods and histo-culture drug response assays. This approach can be implemented for both ex-vivo clinical tissues, cells and in-vivo ...
Her2/neu Vaccine Protects Against Tumor Growth
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
University of California, Irvine researchers have developed a recombinant polynucleotide encoding Her2/neu target antigen. This recombinant polynucleotide contains two regions of the human Her2/neu molecule which demonstrated the lowest degree of homology with other known normal human proteins as the putative target antigen sequence for a genetic vaccination strategy. This target sequence was chosen to minimize any potential cross reactive auto-immune response and to maximize specificity of the elicited immune response. These portions of ...
Novel Leukemia Stem Cell-Targeting Peptides and Nanotherapeutics for Human Leukemia Treatment
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Cancer stem cells that can renew and regenerate more cancer cells have been identified as a common feature of both hematological and solid malignancies. Therapeutic approaches to treat and prevent cancer have been less effective due to the higher level of leukemia cancer stem cells that must be eradicated. Researchers at University of California, Davis have identified a series of peptides via a phage display library that specifically bind to C-type Lectin-like molecule-1 (CLL1) present preferentially on most acute myeloid ...
Windows To The Brain: Transparent Zirconia Cranial Implants For The Laser Imaging And Therapy
Organization: University of California, Riverside (UCR)
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Cranial Implants
ADP Glucose Receptor as a Target for Disorders Involving Platelet Aggregation
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
University of California, Irvine researchers have discovered that the P1Y12 receptor can be activated by a specific natural ligand, ADP-glucose, and that upon activation the receptor transduces a G-protein coupled intracellular signal. Researchers have also identified this receptor's immunogenic peptides. These immunogenic peptides can be used to induce antibodies to the receptor and they can be used in assays to isolate ADP-glucose receptor ligands, agonists, or antagonists. Researchers have also found that signaling through the ...
Cytotoxic Antibody Fusion Protein
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
University of California researchers have developed an antibody fusion protein that functions as a novel cytotoxic drug, though both, the antibody and the non-antibody partner by themselves are not cytotoxic. This fusion protein serves to decrease or eliminate cell proliferation by stopping cell division and causing cell death (apoptosis). In addition, it could be used as a universal delivery system to selectively deliver proteins, nucleic acids, and other chemicals into various kinds of cancer cells. Initial studies have demonstrated ...
Antibody Fusion Proteins For Treating Cancer
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
University of California researchers have developed a family of antibody fusion proteins with a potential for various therapeutic applications. These inventions represent both novel technologies and products with novel applications. These UC fusion proteins combine an antibody with various cytokines. While these cytokines have been used previously as direct antitumor agents, these antibody-cytokine fusion proteins can be employed in a novel therapeutic strategy. In this role, the fusion proteins enhance the immune response to a ...
An Amplified and Overexpressd Gene in Colorectal Cancers
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Researchers at the University of California have identified a novel oncogene, 26#77, by virtue of its RNA expression profile in a breast cancer cell line. The 26#77 gene is located on chromosome 20q13.2, a region whose amplification is associated with poor cancer prognosis. They found that 26#77 is amplified and 26#77 RNA and protein are overexpressed in 60% of colorectal cancers. The researchers have used this discovery to develop methods for diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders, such as colorectal cancer, characterized by ...
Ready-to-use Detection of Melamine
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Researchers at UCLA have identified a novel technique for the specific and rapid detection of melamine. The test combines a nano-particle with a chemical component. The nano-particle causes a rapid color change in the presence of melamine, while the chemical component induces quick precipitation formation. The color change and precipitate are observed within seconds of performing the test. The dual output is observed only in the presence of melamine itself; other interferents may cause either the color change or the precipitate ...
Nanophotonic Device Employing Nanowell-Housed Nanoparticles For Ultrasensitive Bioassays
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Researchers at UC Davis have developed a nanowell assay format that enables increased sensitivity compared to conventional assays. This sensitivity is a result of unique nanophotonic effects afforded by the periodicity of the structures on a multilayered chip.
A Diffusive Probe For Quantification Of Optical Properties Of Superficial Layers
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) has been successfully employed for quantitative determination of in vivo optical properties and chromophore concentrations of deep tissues such as breast and brain. This invention is a method and probe design for obtaining quantitative optical properties and chromophore concentrations of tissue components "in-vivo" at superficial depths and "short" source detector separations. This domain, in which the source and detector are in relatively close proximity to one another, has up until now, been a ...
Chromophore Concentrations, Absorption and Scattering Properties of Human Skin In-vivo
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
The invention is a method and probe design for obtaining quantitative optical properties and chromophore concentrations of tissue components in-vivo at superficial depths and “short” source-detector separations. The probe is amenable to use in free space or for quantitative measurements of chromophores in tissues that can be reached by endoscope or similar. This domain, in which the source and detector are in relatively close proximity with one another, has, up until now, been a significant challenge for quantitative optical ...
A Human Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma Xenograft Model of the Intravasation Step of Metastasis
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
UCLA researchers have developed the first transplantable human inflammatory carcinoma xenograft, designated MARY-X. Inflammatory breast carcinomas are one of the most aggressive human cancers, exhibiting an exaggerated degree of intravasation in situ and manifesting into florid lymphatic and vascular invasions. Therefore, MARY-X provides a good experimental model to dissect the molecular processes of intravasation. Additionally, comparison studies of inflammatory breast carcinoma xenografts in nude mice to the pathogenesis of the disease ...
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Methods Using the H37 Tumor Suppressor Gene
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Researchers at the University of California have identified a novel tumor suppressor gene H37 (also known as RBM5) which maps to lung cancer tumor suppressor locus 3p21.3. In addition, they have demonstrated that H37 has manifold, prominent tumor suppressor characteristics: 1) Decreased expression of H37 mRNA/protein in ~75 percent of the primary lung tumors compared with adjacent normal lung epithelia, 2) Growth inhibition, in vitro/vivo, of lung cancer cells induced by H37, and 3) H37s tumor suppression mechanism through G1/S arrest and ...
ANCCA as a Marker and a Therapeutic Target for Cancers
Organization: University of California, Davis (UC Davis)
Molecular markers are very important for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of specific cancers. In breast cancer, patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors usually receive effective hormonal adjuvant therapy such as tamoxifen. However, about 40% of human breast cancers are ER-negative and alternative therapeutics are urgently needed for effective treatment of ER-negative cancers. Researchers at UC Davis previously identified a novel ATPase enzyme protein designated as ANCCA (AAA nuclear coregulator cancer associated) that ...
Hybrid IgA/IgG Polymeric Antibodies
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
UCLA researchers have engineered IgA/IgG hybrid antibodies that combine characteristics of both IgA and IgG into a single immunoglobulin molecule. The IgG constant region was enhanced with the addition of IgA constant regions. This addition resulted in a molecule that has the pH stability of IgA and greater complement fixing activity than IgG due to its polymeric structure. By utilizing this technology, any variable region can be paired with the IgA/IgG hybrid to yield an immunoglobulin molecule with unique effector functions.
Synthetic Peptides and their Use in Treating Breast Cancer
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Based on the structural information of the ER and its mechanism of action, researchers at UCLA have investigated its role as a target for therapeutic intervention and have generated synthetic peptides that can interact with the receptor to inhibit its DNA binding. These peptides have been tested in vitro and in vivo for their antitumor activities.
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Cancer is thought to be caused by DNA mutation from exposure to DNA-damaging agents such as ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, carcinogens, and free radicals, and by certain viral infections. Although cells successfully repair the majority of DNA damage, accumulation of uncured or miscured DNA damage at critical places within the genome may lead to the development of cancer. Thus, cancer susceptibility depends on the balance between DNA damage and corresponding cellular responses in a given individual. In fact, poor DNA damage response in ...
Three-Dimensional Breast Anatomy Imaging System
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Quantitative Analysis of Breast Density Morphology Based on MRI
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Mammographic density and breast parenchymal patterns (the relative distribution of fatty and fibroglandular tissue) have been shown to be associated with the risk of developing breast cancer. Percent breast density as determined by mammography is a well-established risk factor, but on the other hand, studies on parenchymal pattern have been scarce, possibly due to the lack of reliable quantitative parameters that can be used to analyze parenchymal tissue distribution. In this study the morphology of fibroglandular tissue distribution was ...
The Integrin Activation Interface
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at UC San Diego have elucidated a novel molecular interface between two proteins, talin and the membrane proximal portion of the beta-sub3 integrin domain. Specifically, the research team has identified and validated a specific structural target that was previously unknown and could aid in the design of therapeutics to block integrin activation. This discovery may enable the engineering of cells with defects in the activation of multiple classes of integrins and offers a new target for therapeutic intervention to treat diseases ...
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
This invention provides both the composition and a novel method for creating micellar hybrid nanoparticles that exhibit substantial in vivo circulation times, allowing them to contain a diverse payload for periods of time sufficient for delivery and subsequent release to a desired tissue. In addition, this technology readily facilitates the simultaneous targeted delivery of both therapeutic and imaging agents to diseased tissue in vitro or in vivo.
Anti-Vault Therapy for Multi-Drug Resistance to Chemotherapy
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Vaults are recently discovered large cellular particles made of proteins and unique small RNA. Vaults are present in large quantities in all eukaryotic cells and are thought to mediate transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The size and symmetry of vaults is similar to the transporter of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) with which it is thought to interact. Very recently a high correlation between the overexpression of vaults and multi-drug resistance to chemotherapy has been established.UCLA researchers propose a method of ...
Dual Modality MR Compatible Compression Based Nuclear Imaging System For Breast Cancer
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Researchers at the University of California, Irvine have developed a dual modality MR/nuclear imaging system for diagnosing breast cancer. A novel MR breast radiofrequency (RF) coil built for high field MRI may be combined with planar scintigraphic or PET detectors that enables the medical practitioner to perform co-registered breast MR and nuclear imaging. The breast to be imaged is compressed using a compression device that is integrated with the RF coil. If the breast imaged with MR shows a tumor, a radiotracer is injected into the ...
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Researchers at the University of California, Irvine have developed an RF coil with integrated collimators. This combination coil has a greater internal volume and an object of interest, such as a small animal, may be placed within the coil for MRI and SPECT imaging. In addition, the RF coil and collimator may be rotated allowing for a greater number of views that increases the resolution. This new coil also allows for simultaneous or sequential MRI and SPECT images to be taken.
Targeting B Cells in Prostate Cancer
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
This invention features methods to reduce androgen-independent prostate cancer. Currently, the most common way to treat primary non-metastatic prostate cancer entails treatment with anti-androgen drugs. In addition, surgical removal or radioablation are also practiced. While these procedures are effective, a major problem is the re-emergence of androgen independent cancer a few years later. Thus, what are needed are methods to reduce (including delay and/or complete inhibition of) the re-emergence of hormone resistant cancer. The inventors ...
Novel Antigen for Immunization in Cancer
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Experiments have also been conducted using transgenic mice engineered to mimic the human immune system. The prototype telomerase vaccine induced a CTL response in these mice with no apparent negative side effects, demonstrating the potential of this vaccine in an animal model. Since telomerase is essential in the normal process of cell division, autoimmune reactions are a concern for this type of vaccine. However, in addition to the lack of side effects observed in the mouse model, tests of the vaccine on normal human stem cells, which have ...
FLAG Tagged Wild-Type and Mutant FGFR3 Expression Plasmids
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are members of a large family of growth factors that play an important role in the control of diverse cellular proceeses (e.g., cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration) during embryonic developement and in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in virtually all organs and tissues. Specific activating mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) cause several human skeletal dysplasias and have been implicated in bladder carcinoma cell proliferation as well as other cancers ...
MOUSE MODEL OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Researchers at the University of California have developed a mouse model of HCC that will be useful in the design of new therapeutics for the treatment of liver cancer. Overexpression of the human Met receptor tyrosine kinase in hepatocytes (known to occur in human HCC) results in the formation of HCC in the transgenic mice. This HCC model develops hyperplasia with multiple characteristics of human HCC precursors and leads to the development of the trabeculae typical of advanced HCC. The incidence of HCC was 60% by one year of age. ...
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among women in the US. There are 2.4 million women living with breast cancer in the US and upwards of ~180,000 new cases each year. Breast cancer tumors are currently evaluated on the basis of several histopathological features including tumor size, grade, and lymph node status, all of which contribute to assessing the overall stage of cancer development. In addition, hormone receptor (ER, PR) and HER2 expression in tumors, together with the histopathological features, ...
A Method of Developing Single Molecule DNA Nanoparticles as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agents
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Leveraging DNA’s inherently unique properties and ease of synthesis, a UC San Diego researcher has developed a methodology for the construction of large libraries of DNA nanoparticles and a process for the iterative selection of particles with desired properties. When coupled with DNA’s other structural, functional, chemical, and informatic properties, this technology permits the efficient customization of multifunctional particles for biomedical and therapeutic use. Leveraging DNA’s near anti-body specificity, practically ...
Broad-spectrum Antimicrobial Peptide for the Treatment of Acne and Skin Cancer
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Investigators at UCLA have modified the naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide, granulysin, which is known to possess antimicrobial activity against bacteria, parasites, and fungi. The length of the modified peptide has been shortened to 20 amino acids, yet it retains antimicrobial activity. A mutant of the peptide increases the in vitro cytotoxic activity to nearly 100x greater than wild-type granulysin. Crystal structure of the peptide suggests that it exerts its antimicrobial activity through a direct interaction with the microbial ...
NOVEL STEROL DERIVATIVES FOR SUPERIOR LIPOSOME STABILITY
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Luminescent Proteins For Biological Oxygen Sensing And Photodynamic Therapy
Organization: University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley)
pNEU Plasmids and Tg1-1 Cell Line
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Overexpression of the neu oncogene is a factor in a significant percentage of all human breast cancers and is correlated with reduced survival and higher recurrence. This plasmid was developed to study the protective effects of the neu gene when used as a naked DNA vaccine. The expression vector encode either a 1) full length neu gene, 2) a truncated gene lacking the ...
Novel Pro-Drug Technology for Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Agents
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
BACKGROUND: Pro-drug technologies are commonly employed to improve the membrane permeability or solubility of drugs. In contrast, targeted pro-drugs are intended to deliver a therapeutic payload to specific cells or proteins, but such technologies have typically relied on antibodies for selective delivery. Few targeted small molecule pro-drugs have been described to date; those that have seek to exploit a proteolytic event or a change in local pH to effect delivery of the therapeutic payload. DESCRIPTION: UCSF ...
Prevention And Treatment Of Obesity By Modulation Of Desnutrin-Mediated Adipocyte Lipolysis
Organization: University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley)
HUMAN IMMUNOSTIMULATORY T CELLS
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
BACKGROUND:Regulation of immune responses has the potential to be an important component of the treatment for many conditions. Because specific molecular markers have been identified for suppressor T cells (commonly refered to as T regulaory cells), most research has been focused on modulating immune response by affecting these cells. An alternative, and/or complementary, approach would be to modulate the function of the endogenous T cell subpopulations that enhance, rather than suppress, the proliferative capacity of a T cell response. This ...
NOVEL ANTIGEN TARGETS IN PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS USEFUL FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT AND TREATMENT
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
BACKGROUND: Vaccine targets for prostate cancer have generally been identified either by tissue specific expression in prostate cancer or by assessing immune responses in cancer patients. However, UCSF investigators have taken a novel approach to identify the targets of an immune response in patients who are either responding or not responding to an immune-based treatment (anti-CTLA4 antibody) in a clinical trial at UCSF. CTLA4 blockade with antibody treatment can augment endogenous anti-tumor immunity in animal models and is being developed ...
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
BACKGROUND: Angiogenesis and the formation of new blood vessels are essential for normal tissue growth and repair. However, when unchecked, angiogenesis contributes to pathologies such as proliferative retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile hemangioma, and tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer is currently the leading cause of death in the U.S. in people under 85, with over one million diagnoses predicted this year. As lung, breast, prostate and colon cancer are the most common causes of cancer deaths, a number of companies have programs ...
Marine Organism Yields a Patented Family of Antitumor/Antibiotic Compounds
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography have discovered a new group of marine actinomycetes that have tentatively been called MAR2. These bacteria produce unique, polyketide-derived macrolides including a series of compounds called marinomycins A-D, which were discovered from the MAR2 strain CNQ-140 (Kwon et al., 2006). These compounds possess potent antibiotic and antitumor properties.
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
The present invention enables the creation of a new product for the detection, prognosis and prediction of multiple cancers based on the simultaneous detection of serum antibodies to multiple TAA. The method bypasses the expensive and difficult requirement for purification of individual recombinant TAA proteins by using chemically synthesized peptides of the TAA. Utilizing prediction software, researchers at UCLA have demonstrated that one can systematically and efficiently predict peptide regions on a TAA that can (1) react to antibodies in ...
Highly Specific Antibody to Human MT-SP1 (Matriptase)
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Background Membrane type serine protease 1 (MT-SP1), or matriptase, is a serine protease that is over-expressed on the surface of epithelial cells involved in a variety of cancers, including breast, colon and prostate. MT-SP1 activates hepatocytes growth factor (HGF) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) through which it directs extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis and invasive growth of tumors. Due to its central role in the oncogenic and metastatic process, it is believed that inhibition of MT-SP1 will ...
A Multi-Modality Prostate Imaging System (Pmrspect)
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
MR images small tumors well; however MR is not capable of distinguishing the difference between benign and malignant tumors with a high level of accuracy. On the other hand nuclear imaging that uses properly labeled radionuclides may be able to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors. Currently to use both MRI and radionuclides to diagnose cancer, the patient is required to physically move from an MRI system to a nuclear imaging system. The resulting images are difficult to integrate since the two images may not be in the same 3D ...
NEW PROGNOSTIC INDICATORS FOR HORMONE RECEPTOR AND TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCERS
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
DOSETAILOR: A DOSING PARAMETERS SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR ANTINEOPLASTICS
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
HUMAN PROSTATIC EPITHELIAL CELL LINES
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
UCSF investigators have developed several immortalized and malignant adult human prostatic epithelial cell lines. They first immortalized primary epithelial cells from human prostate with SV40 large T antigen. This parental cell line BPH-1 has been extensively characterized and provides a model for addressing fundamental questions related to the role of growth factors in the proliferation and initiation of key developmental events in human prostate epithelium.Our investigators subsequently converted those non-tumorogenic immortalized BPH-1 ...
A TRANSGENIC MOUSE FOR RAPID AND SENSITIVE IN VIVO TUMOR DETECTION AND EVALUATION
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
The number of murine models for human cancer has grown rapidly in recent years and there now exist mouse models for almost all tumor types. Evaluating the effect of specific molecular alterations or therapeutic interventions in these animal models requires the ability to temporally and spatially assess the tumor burden. In many cases, however, this entails sacrificing the animal thereby limiting ability to perform follow up analysis, and necessitating the use of many more experimental animals.To address these problems, UCSF investigators have ...
Carcinogenesis Model Encompassing the Range of Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastasis
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Improved Drug Delivery to Cancer Cells using Modified Transferrin
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
UCLA researchers have determined a use for a modified form of Tf in the specific delivery of anti-cancer therapies to cancer cells. From mathematical modeling, it is predicted that lowering the rate of iron release from Tf will result in a longer association with TfR and thus increase the efficiency of drug delivery.Researchers used a modified Tf in which the synergistic carbonate anion is replaced with oxalate. This modification greatly reduced the iron release rate without significantly affecting Tfs binding affinity for TfR. The ...
Novel Methods for Predicting and Treating Tumors Resistant to Drug, Immunotherapy, and Radiation
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Despite advances in development of diagnostic tools and therapies for cancer, one of the greatest challenges in the treatment of cancer is overcoming tumor recurrence and multi-drug resistance (MDR) to drug, immunotherapy, and radiation treatment. Overall, less than one-third of patients respond to current chemotherapy, and most will recur and acquire multi-drug resistance after initial successful treatments. In the US, 500,000 solid cancers and 89,000 blood cancers are untreatable due to MDR. Based on experimental models, researchers have ...
DIAGNOSTIC FOR METASTATIC-PRONE BREAST CANCER AND NOVEL TARGET FOR BLOCKING METASTASIS
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Breast cancer cells have an ability to metastasize to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system and blood stream. At the molecular level, breast tumors are classified into 2 major subtypes based on their estrogen receptor (ER) status: luminal cell-like subtype (ER-positive) and basal cell-like subtype (ER-negative). Clinically, patients with luminal cell-like subtype generally have higher survival rate and less recurrence of the tumor than basal cell-like subtype. Therefore, it may be possible to diagnose women prone for metastatic ...
Novel Non-Peptidomimetic Prenyl Transferase Inhibitors
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Rationale: geranylgeranylation of Ras proteins is a key escape pathway for oncogenic cells treated with farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs). Small molecule antagonists of GGTaseI are therefore promising candidates for fully blocking activation of Ras.Leads: Both UC22 and UC23 are drug-like compounds that are likely to be have good oral bioavalability based on their structures and functional groups.In vitro potency: UC22 and UC23 were assayed for their ability to inhibit GGTAase-I geranylgeranylation of RhoA and KRas4B. ...
New Light Emission Detection Method Enables High Resolution Optical Imaging of Biological Tissue.
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Biological tissue is by nature a turbid media, with optical properties characterized by a strong multiple scattering and inhomogeneity of the refractive index. As a result, most of the excitation light focused inside the turbid media is scattered before reaching the focal area, limiting imaging depth. Conventionally, fluorescence photon excitation and fluorescence detection are performed using the same microscope objective. However, this is an inefficient process due to the objective’s narrow light acceptance angle and limited sample ...
Predictive Markers For Dasatinib To Treat Solid Tumors
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
UCLA researchers have identified predictive markers to identify human breast cancer cells that are likely to respond to dasatinib or to therapy with another SRC kinase inhibitor. This unique gene set has been identified by using an in vitro pharmocogenomic approach.
A Method to Diagnose the Risk for and Prevent Breast Inflammation and Breast Cancer
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego researchers have invented new methods to detect entry of inflammatory mediators in normal (or diseased) breasts as well as ways to prevent the inflammation. Although the disclosed techniques focus on breast cancer, this diagnostic technology may be applicable to other similar diseased conditions, including prostate inflammation and cancer, ovarian and colon inflammation and cancer, and certain forms of brain inflammation and cancer. More generally, this technology is applicable to inflammation and cancers derived from epithelial ...
Biomarkers for Oral Tongue Cancer Metastasis and Extracapsular Spread (ECS)
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
UCLA researchers have identified biomarkers that can discriminate metastasis vs non-metastasis and ECS vs non-ECS oral tongue cancers. Using multiplex real-time quantitative RT-PCR based on the RNA isolated from surgically removed primary oral tongue cancer tissues, specific combinations of these biomarkers can achieve 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity for classifying metastasis status as well as ECS status. Now, there is better accuracy in clinically diagnosing patients for oral cancer metastasis or ECS just through a simple surgical ...
Protein Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego investigators have developed a biomarker discovery-platform based on the integration of quantitative protein-mass spectrometry with systems biology. By analyzing blood cells from patients with CLL, more than 700 proteins were identified that distinguished normal B cells from those in diseased individuals. Of these, investigators have identified more than 50 biomarkers that distinguish aggressive from indolent CLL. Platform validation has been performed using antibodies directed against some of the biomarkers. Application ...
pH-"Tunable" Nano-Particle Drug Delivery System
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
A new class of linkers has been developed to address these limitations. These linkers: Undergo controlled hydrolysis at physiological temperature and in mild aqueous, acidic environments.Can be tuned to hydrolyze with half-lives from thirty minutes to greater than nine months. Accommodate a wide range of biocompatible drug carriers. Flexibly conjugate to a wide variety of drugs (via alcohol, amine, or imidazole).
A NEW BIOMARKER FOR PATIENT SUSCEPTIBILITY TO AURORA KINASE INHIBITOR CANCER THERAPY
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Background: Due to genetic variations between individuals, patients with the same disease do not respond uniformly to the same drug. This results in unacceptably high levels of side-effects, ineffective treatment, and inefficient clinical trial design. To combat these issues, the emerging field of personalized medicine exploits the molecular genetic differences between patient populations to determine whether an individual patient will respond to a particular drug. This approach has been particularly successful in cancer treatment because ...
VEGFR-3/VLA-1 Graft Survival Treatment
Organization: University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley)
A Novel Cancer Biomarker For Patients With Solid Tumors
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Phasor Approach to Fluorescence Microscopy Evaluates Cell Metabolism <i>in vivo</i>
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
In the past, immunostaining and metabolic assays were used to analyze cell metabolism. However, these methods are time consuming, invasive, and ultimately render the cells unviable.To address these issues, non-invasive optical techniques have been developed recently that utilize multi-photon microscopy, taking advantage of the intrinsic auto-fluorescence of cells and tissues. In Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM), living tissue is excited by two-photon microscopy and the subsequent auto-fluorescence is detected and monitored over ...
Successful web-based smoking cessation program yields 20% abstinence rates at one year.
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Background: Cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of premature death in the United States. Each year, one in every five deaths, (about 443,000 in total) is smoking related. The health risks associated with smoking translate into annual healthcare costs of more than $96 billion, with costs associated with second hand smoking averaging $10 billion. Interestingly, 70% of the 43.4 million U.S. adult smokers report that they want to quit completely and more than 40% try to quit each year. However, smoking cessation is extremely ...
Maleimide Tumor Antigen-carrier Protein Conjugates for Cancer
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Researchers at UCLA have developed a chemical method for preparing Id-KLH vaccines using maleimide. These researchers have shown the biological effectiveness of these Id-KLH vaccines synthesized by maleimide by comparing both maleimide and glutaraldehyde Id-KLH conjugates in two lymphoma model systems. The Id-KLH synthesized with maleimide demonstrated superior anti-idiotype antibody responses in vaccinated mice when compared to the glutaraldehyde derived conjugates. Moreover, these Id-KLH vaccines showed superior resistance to a lethal ...
Androgen receptor inhibitors: Novel therapeutic compounds and innovative screening method.
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Background: Prostate cancer, alopecia, hepatocellular carcinoma, and acne vulgaris are a few examples of the myriad of diseases linked to androgen receptor signaling. These diseases have a significant impact on human health; for example, The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2009, prostate cancer will cause 27,360 deaths and 192,280 new cases will be diagnosed. In fact, one man in six will get prostate cancer in his lifetime and one in thirty-five will die from this disease. Androgen receptor inhibitors are the primary treatment ...
Endogenous Small Molecule Immune Response Modulator
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Background: Disorders of the immune system result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. As such, methods to modulate immune responses are important therapeutic strategies. In recent years, the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) has gained interest as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. In fact, activation of AhR has been shown to suppress development of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes. Unfortunately, most of the known AhR ligands are aromatic ...
Biosynthesis Of Salinosporamide A And Analogs
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Scientists at UCSD have discovered the bacterial biosynthetic gene cluster for salinosporamide A, which can act as an anti-cancer agent (and may also be used to treat inflammation and infectious diseases). The 55,069 nucleotide sequence for the cluster has been determined. The invention can be used to improve production yield for the compound, discover new chemical entities, and eliminate minor analogs that make production difficult. The inventors have also identified a salinosporamide-resistant 20S proteasome beta-subunit in the bacterium S. ...
Novel Activators Of Executioner Procaspases 3, 6 And 7 and initiator caspase 9
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Background: Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is a mechanism used by the human body to eradicate abnormal cells, including cancerous cells. Disruption of normal apoptosis can result in a variety of life-threatening human disorders, including cancer, immunodeficiencies, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. The pathways that initiate programmed cell death are activated by heavily regulated protease proteins known as caspases. Apoptotic caspases are categorized as "initiators" or "executioners", with the activated initiator caspases, ...
Transcription Factor For The Regulation Of The Development Of Skin And Hair
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
One such potentially valuable transcription factor has been discovered and characterized by University of California researchers. The UC researcher team has also investigated the factor's effect on tissue development in a model animal system, and has confirmed that a protein homologous to the factor exists in humans. The factor is alternatively and selectively expressed in at least two different forms in terminally differentiating epidermal and hair follicle cells. In one form, the factor has a region that inhibits its own DNA binding ability ...
Prosaposin: Therapeutic Compound for Prevention and Treatment of Pain
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
This compound could address multiple disease indications. Peripheral nerve injuries and peripheral neuropathies, such as those resulting from diabetes or chemotherapy, comprise the most prevalent peripheral nervous system disorders. Current treatments for peripheral nerve disorders only treat the symptoms, not the cause of the disease. Post-polio syndrome is characterized by muscle fatigue and decreased endurance with accompanying muscle weakness and atrophy. The disease is believed to be caused in part by damage to the same type of spinal ...
Disease Treatments Using Multimeric TNFSF Ligands
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UCSD researchers have developed an invention useful for: augmenting immunity (both cellular and antibodies) against cancer and infectious diseasesExpanding immune cells (B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and T cells) in vitro for reinfusion of them or their productsImmunological testing of immune function. In one embodiment, the invention is a soluble recombinant fusion protein containing multiple CD40 ligands ("CD40L"). This protein affects macrophages and B cells in the same manner as membrane CD40L. The same technology can be ...
Multivalent iRGD-Biopolymers For Early Cancer Detection And Treatment
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
A Novel Trigger Molecule for the Detection and Treatment of Cancer
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Mice Lacking Ikkß In Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Integrin Avb8 Neutralizing Antibody
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Background Over a dozen companies have pursued the development of TGF- β modulators for the treatment of cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, and renal disease. However, the near-ubiquitous presence of the three mammalian TGF- β isoforms across tissue types, as well as its complex and diverse effects on downstream signaling pathways, mean there is a high likelihood that chronic global suppression of TGF-β will result in undesirable off-target effects. An agent effecting tissue and disease-specific mitigation of TGF- β ...
Novel, reliable, non-invasive and inexpensive assay to detect steroids
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
BACKGROUND In the U.S., approximately 650,000 men in 2006 were treated for testosterone deficiency, 200,000 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer each year, and 4-12% of women of reproductive age are diagnosed with polycystic ovary disease. All of these diseases and many others require the measurement of testosterone for diagnosis and/or treatment assessment. Health problems can also arise upon environmental exposure to industrial compounds and byproducts with steroid-like activities. Furthermore, abuse of steroids is a major issue, not ...
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Biomarker set for identifying patients with low metastatic risk in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Background:Neck metastasis is the major factor leading to death from oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). As a result, treatment options are aggressive even if metastatic risk is unknown. Node status is assessed based on palpation of the lymph nodes in the neck and subsequent imaging (CT, MRI, PET scan) to visualize if metastatic tumors are present. It is also standard for doctors to assess the surface diameter of the tumor to predict metastasis. However, these approaches have low sensitivity and accuracy. Thus, ...
Method of Improving Anti-angiogenic Therapy Efficacy
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
UCSF investigators have identified a major mechanism of antiangiogenic resistance. This target is involved in multiple factors which contribute to therapeutic evasion including invasion, proliferation, survival signaling, and a distinct role in angiogenesis. Inhibition of this target by a monoclonal antibody is shown to reduce the growth of certain cancer cells in vitro including Avastin® resistant tumor cells derived from patient specimens.
Single Use Disposable Bladder Camera
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Novel High Affinity Ligands to the Membrane Protein Caveolin
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Caveolin is a membrane protein that is involved in the formation of caveolae, flask shaped invaginations of the cell plasma membrane, and plays a role in the processes of endocytosis, lipid transport, cell differentiation and cell signaling. Caveolin is a monotopic protein, embedded in but not spanning, the plasma membrane. Given their inherent hydrophobicity, monotopic membrane proteins have been difficult to study, but may present new targets for the drug discovery. Caveolin has been implicated in a number of diseases including ...
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Methods to Inhibit the Emergence of Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
While the link between inflammation and tumor promotion has been known for some time, it has recently been shown that IKK complex and NF-kB play a role in tumor promotion. In this invention, the scientists describe a mechanism in which IKK alpha activation specifically promotes prostate cancer metastasis, and how this can then be prevented. The inventors teach a way to inhibit a signaling pathway, through which activation of IKK alpha results in a repression of maspin, a critical suppressor of prostate and ...
Generation and Modulation of Cancer Stem Cells
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego inventors have described two markers in the Wnt/b-catenin pathway that are associated with the presence of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and with progression of myelogenous leukemia; misspliced GSK 3b and the downregulation of axin transcripts. This technology enables the identification and/or generation of mutated GSK 3b human cancer stem-cells. These LSCs may be xenotransplanted to create an in vivo model for leukemia progression—an approach that gives rise to high level engraftment, quantifiable shifts in myeloid populations, and ...
In Vivo Screen for Agents Affecting Erythroid Development and Disease
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego researchers have utilized the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase, JAK2, and a mutation thereof (JAK2 V617F) to develop a proprietary in vivo bioluminescent primitive stem-cell system (including iPS cells) for non-invasive, real-time analysis of human blood-cell development in a xenogeneic mouse. The system allows for use of either human wild type JAK2, or mutant JAK2 V617F that drives the myeloproliferative disorders polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and myelofibrosis (MF). These create mouse models for ...
New Derivatives of Pyrone, Hydroxypyridinone, and Hydroxypyridinethione
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
This invention teaches a novel new class of pyrone, thiopyrone and hydroxypyrindinone derivatives as metal chelators; these compounds can be potent and selective inhibitors for metalloprotein, MMPs and anthrax lethal factor. Current art describes substitution at the 2 or 4 position, these compounds have substitutions at the 5 position. This set of derivatives has not yet been described in the literature. To date, the inventors have developed a synthetic route, target compounds have been developed and are being tested as metal chelators. From ...
Novel, Real-Time Method for Brain Mapping
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Neurologists at the University of California, San Francisco have developed an innovative method for accurately mapping cortical brain function that can be used for real-time analysis during surgical procedures. Using simple physiological activities, such as speaking, listening, hand button pressing and tactile somatosensation, the investigators were able to accurately map cortical regions in epilepsy patients within seconds. Neural activity is recorded using probes that are routinely employed for other clinical purposes. Furthermore, an ...
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
A variety of small animal imaging systems allows longitudinal imaging of cancer mouse models and thus the monitoring of natural or perturbed evolution of the processes in vivo in such mouse models. Meanwhile, optical imaging in absorption, fluorescence and bioluminescence mode has opened a new era in whole body small animal imaging. However, the main limitation has been the low resolution and quantitative accuracy of the images due to the highly scattering nature of tissue.To address this problem, PMI images are captured using the unique ...
Oral Drug for Stimulation of Erythropoietin Levels in Anemic Patients
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego investigators have designed artificial transcription factors that can activate specifically the endogenous gene for EPO in a patient’s own cells. These factors, administered to those prone to anemia, such as cancer patients, have the potential to combat anemia more effectively than with Epogen® or Procrit®
Novel Methods For Detecting Cancer Stem Cells And Circulating Tumor Cells In Blood
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Innovative investigators at the University of California, San Francisco have developed a novel diagnostic tool that allows circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) to be accurately quantified in whole blood samples from patients. This new technique accurately reports the number of CTCs an CSCs via a high throughput assay which combines state-of-the--art bioengineering technology with a highly sensitive genetics-cased approach. Indeed, this technique has the capacity to significantly reduce the screening time ...
Transducible Delivery of siRNAs by dsRNA Binding Domain Fusions to PDT/CPPs
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at UCSD have developed a method to deliver siRNA into cells by reversibly masking or neutralizing the charge on the dsRNA using a fusion protein of the TAT delivery peptide and the dsRNA binding domains (DRBDs). The DRBDs, four DRBDs cover the surface of the dsRNA cylinder, bind specifically to dsRNA and mask approximately 16 bp of dsRNA. Also, the DRBDs bind in a sequence independent manner, so that any siRNA will be able to be delivered by this technique. Aggregation of the conjugate does not occur. Currently, the ...
A Novel Method to Inhibit Lymphangiogenesis and Tumor Metastasis
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Lymphangiogenesis, or the development of new lymphatic vessels, plays roles in tissue repair and in pathological processes such as tumor growth and metastasis. The growth of lymphatic vessels is thought to play a crucial role in the formation of both local and distant tumor metastases, including those to the bone marrow. The mechanisms regulating lymphangiogenesis, however, have not been well understood. A target molecule that is differentially regulated during pathological lymphangiogenesis has been identified. This molecule is not ...
Sulf-Specific Antibodies for the Treatment of Cancers
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Antibodies that neutralize Sulf enzymatic activity can be used as therapeutic agents to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and reduce tumor growth. In addition to cancer treatments, antibodies directed against the Sulfs can be used for diagnostics and monitoring of the disease and/or response to treatment. UCSF investigators have also generated three monoclonal antibodies directed against human Sulf-2. The three anti-Sulf-2 antibodies are highly specific to Sulf-2. Sulf-2 regulates a number of pathways that can lead to cancer ...
Natural Products for Cancer Therapeutics
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Although algorithms and chemistries for developing new therapeutic entities are constantly evolving, none can replicate the path and novelty of natural selection over eons of time. Inventors at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography have engaged their fleet of research ships to cull the oceans for marine organisms from which new compositions are isolated. Using a variety of culture systems, selective fractionation and bioassays, two, distinct classes of compounds, isolated from actinomycetes, have ...
High Throughput Screen For Novel Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Researchers at UCLA have developed a high throughput screen (Z factor > 0.5) to test for novel tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors that do not target the TK active site. The assay can be used to identify compounds that inhibit both normal and oncogenic forms of TKs by blocking their activation by regulatory proteins. This assay is especially useful in the field of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment, because it can detect compounds that will inhibit the interaction of BCR-ABL1 (the oncogenic TK involved in CML) and its regulator protein ...
Diagnostic Antibodies for In Vivo Visualization of Tumor Cells
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
UCSF investigators have developed novel antibodies to two human antigens that are highly expressed on tumor cells. Matriptase (MT-SP1) is a serine protease that is often upregulated in epithelial cancers including breast, colon and prostate cancers. Matriptase expression has been correlated with cancer stage and subtype. Antibody A11 is specific, fully human antibody that binds to the active form of matriptase. Animal model testing has revealed no side effects in adult control mice and has shown utility of A11 in in ...
Novel Markers for the Treatment and Diagnosis of Chronic Lumphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed a novel technology to diagnose CLL. They have demonstrated an enhanced expression of phosphodiesterase isoform 7B (PDE7B) in lymphocytes of CLL patients. Thus PDE7B can be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of CLL.Features of this technology include: PDE7B mRNA and protein levels are increased in CLL patients to up to 70- and 90-fold, respectively.Potential therapeutic agents comprise PDE7B inhibitors, antagonists, and antibodies.
Methods for Treating Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) by Regulating Cell Survival
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Despite their longevity in vivo, CLL cells typically undergo spontaneous apoptosis under conditions that support the growth of normal human B cell lines in vitro. This implies that there are factors essential for survival that are not intrinsic to the CLL B cell, but contributed by additional cells in the blood microenvironment. This invention provides a method that distinguishes CLL from normal cells and specifically targets CLL cells for apoptosis through disruption of survival signals communicated between the leukemic cells and the local ...
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
This novel technology is a way to diagnose and treat CLL, breast cancer, and other cancers. A monoclonal antibody has been generated by UC San Diego against a receptor which is implicated in the progression of cancer. This protein named ROR1 is expressed on CLL B cells, but it is not present in normal lymphocytes.
Temperature Modulated Fluorescence Tomography
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
A Novel Immunomodulatory Glycolipid Derived From A Prominent Human Commensal Microbe
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
BACKGROUND: Natural Killer T-cells (NKT cells) are a growing area of preclinical and clinical research, and modulation of these cells has therapeutic applications in various diseases with immunological, infectious, or oncologic components. DESCRIPTION: Investigators at UCSF and Harvard have identified, isolated, purified, and characterized a novel chemical composition – a glycolipid molecule, from a prominent commensal bacterium. The glycolipid is an analog of a known synthetic class of compounds that are known to activate natural ...
Anchoring Fiduciary Site Markers for Surgical Procedures
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
UCSF researchers have significantly improved the design of traditional fiduciary markers such that the new markers are able to resist movement within the surgical target and provide a new level of stability. Two types of markers have been designed: The first type of marker can be implanted via a traditional delivery needle and is held in place by uniquely shaped microtynes or tiny grooves that provide resistance to the tissue in a single direction such that the marker cannot be easily dislodged from the tissue. UCSF scientists have included ...
Cell Destruction Method to Eliminate/Remove Unwanted Subpopulations of Cells
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) is an important technique that has become the standard method to isolate subpopulations of cells.However, FACS has limited use in cases where the cells of interest do not have specific cell surface markers (e.g., isolating neuronal progenitors or astrocytic progenitors from neural stem or progenitor cells).New methods that allow for separation of cells that do not require advanced cell labeling would be an important tool for researchers.Researchers at the University of California, Irvine have ...
Diagnostic And Therapeutic Utility Of Cystatin E/M For Cervical Cancer
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Researchers at UCLA have demonstrated that cystatin E/M gene expression can be used as a diagnostic tool for cervical cancer development at the earliest stage. It has previously been identified that the expression of cystatin E/M protein was reduced in cancer cell lines. In CINs, cystatin E/M is expressed, but this expression is lost in tumors. In addition, cancer aggressiveness correlates to the level of reduction or loss of cystatin E/M, which in turn results in the overexpression of the target protein cathepsin L, providing diagnostic ...
Robotic Needle Ablation Tool and Securement Device
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Innovative researchers at UCSF and University of Hawaii have designed a robotically controlled needle advancement apparatus. This device allows needles to be remotely positioned in fine, incremental steps using real-time imaging, leading to an estimated 30% decrease in radiation exposure. Importantly, the needle trajectory can be adjusted during advancement if required. In addition, the device also allows the operator to perform the needle positioning procedure safely in a radiation-shielded room. These advantages could potentially reduce the ...
Novel Mouse Lines for Study of Cancer, Wound Healing and Stem Cell Biology
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
UCSF investigators have generated Dact2 conditional, constitutive and partial knockout mouse lines by making a targeted mutation in the genetic locus corresponding to Dact2, a conserved homolog of the Dapper/Frodo genes originally described in Xenopus laevis. This mutation was designed such that the essential exon 2 of the gene is flanked by loxP sites, which allows for its excision by the Cre recombinase protein to render the allele non-functional. ES cells carrying this mutation were made by homologous recombination, and a mouse ...
BIOLOGIC THERAPY FOR TRIPLE-NEGATIVE and TREATMENT-RESISTANT BREAST CANCER
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
UCSF inventors have developed unique fully human Fab and IgG antibody inhibitors of uPAR. These antibodies competitively disrupt the binding of two ligands (uPA and β1 integrin) to uPAR and block uPA and β1-mediated signaling involved in cancer proliferation and invasion. Using Matrigel and Collagen I invasion assays, the investigators have shown that these anti-uPAR antibodies inhibit the invasion of human lung cancer cells in culture. Use of the uPAR/uPA and uPAR/β1 antagonist antibodies together exhibited synergistic ...
Method for Generating Unlimited Numbers of Macrophage/Dendritic Cells and Neutrophils
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Novel Mouse Lines for Study of Cancer, Wound Healing and Stem Cell Biology
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
UCSF investigators have generated Dact3 conditional, constitutive and partial knockout mouse lines by making a targeted mutation in the genetic locus corresponding to Dact3, a conserved homolog of the Dapper/Frodo genes orginally described in Xenopus laevis. This mutation was designed such that the essential second and third exons of the gene are flanked by loxP sites, which allows for their excision by the Cre recombinase protein to render the allele non-functional. ES cells carrying this mutation were made by homologous ...
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
This invention provides new uses of specific inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) to induce apoptosis of leukemic cells. Additionally, this technology provides a clinical prognostic marker in cancer cells, based on the detection of apoptosis in vitro and the identification of active Hsp90 complexes.
Novel Mouse Lines for Study of Cancer, Wound Healing and Stem Cell Biology
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
UCSF investigators have generated Sestd1 conditional, constitutive and partial knockout mouse lines by making a targeted mutation in the genetic locus corresponding to Sestd1. This mutation was designed such that the essential fourth and fifth exons of the gene are flanked by loxP sites, which allows for their excision by the Cre recombinase protein to render the allele non-functional. ES cells carrying this mutation were made by homologous recombination, and a mouse line derived from the correctly targeted ES cells ...
Tbx Genes Regulate Cell Cycle Partially Through Control of N-Myc Transcription
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Scientists at UC San Diego have discovered that T-box transcription factors, particularly Tbx2 and Tbx20, can regulate the role of N-myc in cells that are dependent on N-myc expression. The technology demonstrates that the induction or repression of T-box genes can regulate N-myc which, in turn, will be able to affect major developments in the cell, particularly the cell’s proliferation, cell cycle, and differentiation. Cells that are dependent on N-myc expression include many cellular types implicated in development, such as certain ...
Novel Dixdc1 Mouse Line for Study of Major Psychiatric Disorders and Cancer
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
UCSF investigators have generated a Dixdc1 knockout mouse line by making a targeted mutation in the genetic locus corresponding to Dixdc1, a conserved homolog of the DIXDC1 gene found in homo sapiens and other vertebrates. This mutation was designed such that the essential exons B2, 2 and 3 of the gene were replaced by a piece of foreign DNA encoding the neomycin-resistance gene, which is predicted to render the allele non-functional by disrupting the translation of all characterized Dixdc1 transcripts. ES cells carrying this ...
Treatment for Type II Diabetes and Cancer by Regulating Glucose Transporter Levels
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
This invention provides methods to treat diabetes by controlling the expression of a gene encoding a glycosyltransferase. This glycosyltransferase might also be a promising target for cancer, since the increase in glucose transport resulting from this enzyme's activity contributes to the high metabolic rates found in cancer cells.
Novel Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc containing hydrolytic enzymes that are able to degrade extracellular matrix components such as collagen. MMP’s have been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, arthritis, inflammatory disease, and heart disease. Despite intensive research and clinical testing of MMP inhibitors, the only approved MMP inhibitor is a tetracycline for the treatment of periodontitis. UCSD researchers have developed a novel series of organic compounds that are potent inhibitors of MMPs. While most MMP ...
In-Vivo Propagated Murine A20 Lymphoma Cells
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Pancreas-Specific Contrast Media for CT, X-ray, and MRI
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Investigators at the University of California, San Francisco have created a minimally invasive, high resolution, and convenient method to identify and monitor intrapancreatic tumors. This novel contrast agent allows superb in vivo CT imaging of the pancreas for superior monitoring of tumors. Additionally, the contrast materials have a prolonged residence in the pancreas and liver, thereby negating the need for precise timing of contrast injections for scanning.
Novel Method to Inhibit Tumor Growth & Other Neovascular Diseases
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Bone marrow-derived stem cells are known to contribute to the repopulation of tissues undergoing repair. A mechanism by which the emigration of endothelial precursor cells from the circulation to sites of angiogenesis has recently been elucidated by researchers at UCSD. Increased understanding of this mechanism has identified a target for the modulation of stem cell trafficking. Peptide, antibody or small molecule antagonists of the target may inhibit bone marrow-derived stem cells from entering tissues and from participating in tumor ...
Oligonucleotides for the Treatment of Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UCSD researchers have discovered new synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (15-mers) useful in treating cancer and certain autoimmune diseases. These compounds induce apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells but actually stimulate normal human B cells. Their mechanism of action does not depend on CpG dinucleotides, and they do not require the addition of cationic lipids or any other adjuvant to exert their effects.
Regulating genes in the COX-2 pathway for colon cancer
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the US and is the third most common cancer worldwide. The National Cancer Institute estimates 147,500 new cases and over 57,000 deaths in the United States in 2003, with a greater incidence in men than women. UCSD investigators have shown that decreased expression of 2 anti-apoptotic proteins in colon epithelial cells can inhibit colon cancer progression. Raising the expression of these 2 anti-apoptotic proteins in colon epithelial cells contributes to colon cancer ...
Ras-Driven Conditional Model Of Liver Cancer
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco have developed a conditional transgenic mouse model of activated HRAS-driven liver cancer which can be used to model human liver tumor formation and regression. This is a doxycycline regulated system in which treatment of mice with doxycycline turns off transgene expression. Once doxycyclyine treatment is stopped, mice rapidly develop extensive liver tumors consistent with HCC. This model allows for studying different stages of liver tumor formation and ...
A Novel Method to Detect and Inhibit Angiogenesis
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at UC San Diego have discovered a novel method of detecting and inhibiting angiogenesis. In vivo experiments have shown that angiogenesis induced by a wide range of pro-angiogenic factors can be completely or significantly inhibited with antibody, peptide or organic molecule inhibitors of the newly identified target. Because angiogenesis plays a ...
<h2>Small Molecules That Test Positive For P53 "Cancer Rescue" Activity</h2>
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
UC Irvine biologists, chemists and computer scientists have identified an elusive pocket on the surface of the p53 protein that can be targeted by cancer-fighting drugs. The finding heralds a new treatment approach, as mutant forms of this protein are implicated in nearly 40 percent of diagnosed cases of cancer, which kills more than half a million Americans each year. In a study published online this week in Nature Communications, the UC Irvine researchers describe how they employed a computational method to capture the various shapes of the ...
Treatment of Cancer by Inducing Cell Apoptosis
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego scientists have designed synthetic polypeptides for treating and preventing diseases characterized by excess cell proliferation, such as mesenchymally derived cells (e.g. hepatic stellate cells). The present invention provides compositions and methods to inhibit or eliminate fibrosis and cancer. Using standard delivery techniques, the peptide triggers apoptosis selectively in the cancer cells but spares the normal cells.
A Method For Calculating The Strength Of The Proximal Femur Under Loading From Impact Due To A Fall
Organization: University of California, Irvine (UC Irvine)
A New Strategy for Leukemia Therapy
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Scientists at UCSD have discovered methods and drug compositions for inducing apoptosis in CML cells expressing Bcr-Abl. The invention is a method of inducing the translocation of Bcr-Abl into the nucleus of CML cells to activate the apoptotic pathway in these cells. Unlike current approaches, this new strategy is able to treat the acute phase ...
Modular Cell and Drug Delivery Cannula System
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Researchers at UCSF have designed a catheter-based stem cell and drug/gene delivery system for the therapeutic treatment of neurological disorders. The novel design significantly improves the distribution of cells from the delivery area, as well as the cell viability of stem cell-based therapeutics, with both dilute and highly concentrated cell populations being well tolerated. For example, in vitro and in vivo testing of the prototype using subcortical injections produced a radial pattern of infusate delivery up to 2 cm from the initial ...
Selectin Inhibition: Novel Uses For An Already Approved Drug
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego researchers have discovered a method of using currently approved clinical formulations of a known drug (heparin) to block in vivo L-selectin and/or P-selectin binding to its natural ligands. The method is thought to be useful for preventing and/or treating many diseases and pathological states involving inflammation, immune reactions, and reperfusion injury, as well as the metastatic process of tumor cells.
Novel Computer-Based Statistical Method for Cancer Diagnosis
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
UCSF investigators have developed a novel multi-step computer-based method for quantitative comparison of internal organization between different cell populations, which can be used to screen for tumor cell abnormalities using standard 2D microscopy in the clinic. The methedology was validated using the green alga Clamydomonas reinhardtii model system by comparing cells from wild-type and mutant algal strains, which dramatically differ in their cellular organization due to alterations in centriole structure and function. ...
Vaccines with Enhanced Intracellular Processing
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
This invention provides methods for generating a cellular immune response by introducing to cells DNA vectors encoding antigens that have enhanced rates of degradation. Such vectors allow for the production of a chimeric immunogen (protein) in the cell in which they are introduced. The chimeric immunogen includes a protein processing-signal and a protein that is targeted for a cellular immune response. The protein processing-signal brings about enhanced rates of degradation of the target protein. For example, a protein processing-signal may ...
Diagnostic Test for Cancer Susceptibility
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at the University of California have discovered a novel tumor suppressor gene, CDK4I, that inhibits the activity of the oncogene CDK4. The CDK4I gene is mutated in the majority of malignant melanomas, gliomas, non-small cell lung cancers, and leukemias. CDK4I is located immediately adjacent to the methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAse) gene, on chromosome 9p21. Deficiencies in CDK4I and MTAse have previously been shown to be directly related to the onset of certain cancers. One of the U.S. patent applications that is available ...
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
UCSF inventors have profiled the expression of 672 miRNAs in serum of candidates for active surveillance of prostate cancer and discovered novel miRNA biomarkers, whose serum levels differed between patient groups with significantly and indolent disease. Addition of validated miRNA markers to the current predictive model significantly improved its accuracy in predicting disease progression.
Antibody Mediated Gene Delivery Of The Tumor Suppressor Protein P53
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
UCLA Researchers have developed a novel method to deliver functional p53 to tumor cells by fusion of p53 to the Fv peptide of a murine antibody (Fv-p53). This approach allows for delivery of p53 to tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Fv-p53 induces apoptosis in tumor cells in vitro and prevents metastasis of colon cancer in vivo. Therefore, Fv-p53 represents a novel protein (gene) therapy in cancer treatment.
Novel Target for Development of Therapeutics for Cancers Expressing Mutant K-Ras
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
UCSF investigators have identified a novel downstream effector of K-Ras that has the potential to be a new target for development of therapeutic compounds for cancers expressing mutant K-Ras. Using gene knock-down technology, the investigators showed that decreasing the expression of this target protein diminishes K-Ras oncogenic properties by reducing the cancer cells’ ability to propagate and rendering them more susceptible to death. Thus, blocking this protein’s expression is a viable therapeutic approach to treat cancers ...
Sulfatase-2: A Novel Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Cancers
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Investigators at UCSF have discovered a novel, human extracellular sulfatase, Sulf-2, that is upregulated in certain cancers. Since their discovery, multiple studies throughout the research community have implicated Sulf-2 as a cancer causing gene in multiple forms of cancer. Various unbiased screening studies for cancer causing genes indicate that Sulf-2 expression increases in glioma, breast cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinomas and HCC. However, recent research in mouse models of cancer (HCC, pancreatic and NSCLC) have shown that knockdown of ...
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
In a clinical study involving 1,200 Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) patients, UCLA Researchers have identified a novel method of using Carbonic Anhydrase IX as a molecular marker associated with RCC disease progression and survival. The level of expression of the molecular marker, reflected by its immunochemical staining profile, correlated with response to treatment, clinical factors, pathological features and survival. Thus, Carbonic Anhydrase IX can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for detecting RCC and response to therapeutic ...
Polyphenolic Compounds Inhibit Pancreatic Cancer
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Researchers at UCLA have identified a novel approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer by down-regulating cellular survival factors while concomitantly inducing apoptosis (cell death). The simultaneous administration of plant-derived polyphenolic compounds with inhibitors of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found to act synergistically to inhibit pancreatic cancer growth and tumor metastasis. Interestingly, one particular polyphenol, rottlerin, exhibited increased potency without the need for ROS-inhibitors. In vivo studies in mice ...
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
UCLA Researchers have developed a novel mouse model for prostate cancerwhich will be useful for preclinical trials and biochemical assays. Themouse model is unique in that it incorporates a naturally occuring oncogeneimplicated in a significant fraction of human prostate cancer and accuratelyreflects the gradual progression of human prostate cancer from prostaticintraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) to localized adenocarcinoma, to locallyinvasive disease and metastatis, with essentially 100% penetrance. The timecourse of disease progression allows ...
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Investigators at UCSF have recently identified a potent small molecule inhibitor of the ISR, named ISRIB that makes cells resistant to stress induced phosphorylation of eIF2α. ISRIB blocks the downstream effects of this phosphorylation event on overall translation initiation restoring the cell’s translation capacity. Injection of ISRIB into wild-type mice increased memory consolidation with improvements in both fear-associated and spatial learning. The inventors have synthesized numerous ISRIB analogs and are currently working on ...
Novel Companion Diagnostic and Method to Treat Cancer
Organization: University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco have identified a novel companion diagnostic and method to treat cancer. This novel companion diagnostic predicts the likelihood of a positive clinical outcome with mAb cancer treatment. By identifying patient populations that are predicted to show the highest clinical benefit, this method helps decide how to treat individual patients while sparing unnecessary toxicities. Moreover, this novel companion diagnostic could facilitate the use of other cancer therapies that have been ...
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
The present invention exploits the chemoattracting activity of SLC in co-localizing T lymphocytes and dendritic cells to potently enhance cell-mediated immunity against tumor cells and also takes advantage of SLCs anti-angiogenic activities. Using recombinant SLC, UCLA Researchers have demonstrated, in in vitro and in vivo models, that SLC mediates T cell-dependent anti-tumor responses.
Antibody Fusion Proteins With Disrupted Heparin- Binding Activity
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Heparin sulfate is found throughout all tissues and commonly bound to the cell surface. Many signaling molecules such as growth factors, chemokines and cytokines bind to heparin present at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix of all tissues. While this local heparin binding is an advantage when the cytokine is secreted in its normal environment to be locally retained, it may be a drawback when the cytokine is being delivered by a targeting device such as an antibody fusion protein. ...
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
UCLA innovators have demonstrated the use of a small protein, Spp24, to reduce tumor growth in an animal model of skeletal metastasis. Spp24 binds to bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), TGF-β, and other related proteins, which have been implicated in bone metastases associated with many cancer types. The researchers have shown that binding of Spp24 prohibits the binding of these growth factors to tumor cells and drastically reduces tumor growth in mice injected with human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). They treated the animals ...
A New Antimitotic, Anticancer, and Antimicrobial Compound
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego inventors have devised a new structure, isolated from a natural product that can inhibit progression through the cell cycle. The new structure's use as an anti-cancer agent is in the early stage of preclinical studies. The novel structure inhibits mitosis in a fashion that differs from known natural products, with the current hypothesis being that an aspect of its structure inhibits the exit from anaphase. This effect was observed in both colon cancer cells (HCT111), breast cancer cells (HeLa), and neuroblastoma cells (Neuro2a). ...
Clinical Immunoassays to Determine Concentration of Monoclonal Antibodies
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
This technology is a general method to develop assays to detect the circulating concentration of monoclonal antibodies in patients that have received them as treatment for cancer or other diseases. The method is applicable to any monoclonal antibody or other recombinant protein biologic therapy. In addition, two specific assays, one for rituximab and one for alemtuzumab, have been developed. Synthetic biotinylated peptides have been produced based on the sequence derived from phage displayed peptide libraries. UCSD researchers have then ...
T315a And F3171 Mutations Of BCR-ABL Kinase Domain
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
A team of scientists led by Dr. Farias-Eisner and Dr. Reddy discovered a human protein, apoA-I as a new anticancer agent. ApoA-I is the major component of the good cholesterol HDL, and it plays an important role in regulating lipid transport, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The researchers first observed reduced apoA-I levels in ovarian cancer patients, suggesting that the protein might be protective and could prevent cancer from spreading. A series of experiments provide solid evidence for their hypothesis. Transgenic mice expressing the ...
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
An Intraductal Approach to the Breast
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Stimulus-Triggered Metalloenzyme Inhibitors
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a class of zinc-dependent hydrolytic enzymes that function in the degradation and restructuring of extracellular proteins. Overexpression of MMPs has been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease. Commercialization of MMP inhibitors (MMPi) has not been successful, as the inhibition of MMPs systemically has resulted in adverse events such as musculoskeletal syndrome. The researchers have approached this problem by developing prodrug MMPi or ...
Chemical Inhibitors Of Cholesterol Biosynthesis And Venous Angiogenesis
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Researchers at UCLA have identified a non-statin small molecule, aplexone, which reduces cellular cholesterol levels more effectively than atorvastatin (Lipitor). Like statins, aplexone inhibits the HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) pathway, but does not contain the same motif and thus likely inhibits the pathway through a different mechanism. Aplexone shows lower toxicity and a substantially lower molecular weight than atorvastatin. In addition to its role in inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis, aplexone was found to repress angiogenesis and ...
Identification of Liver-Cancer Initiating Cells and a Method to Inhibit Their Tumorigenic Potential
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers from UC San Diego have developed a method to identify and isolate cancer-initiating cells (C-IC) from the livers of mice treated with a carcinogen known to induce liver cancer. The livers are pre-malignant, and while the isolated cells are not cancer cells, they will eventually give rise to malignant tumors. Additionally, the researchers have identified cell adhesion molecules that are significantly up-regulated in the C-ICs. By targeting the C-ICs in the early stages of cancer development, it may be possible to arrest cancer ...
Microfluidic and Solid-State Beta Camera In-Vitro Kinase Radioassay
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
The invention uses a polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic platform with a solid state beta camera to measure kinase activity on a limited amount of patient samples. Miniaturizing the radiometric kinase assay brings several advantages over current radiometric assays. The amount of cell input required is reduced by 1,000 times over conventional assays. This allows for direct experimentation on clinical samples that are expensive or perishable. Also, the amount of radioactivity is reduced by at least one magnitude, alleviating radiation ...
Identification Of New Drug Targets, Treatment Strategies and Prognostic Markers For Cancer
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Dr. Batra's experimental approach is based on his ability to separate cancer cells from individual patients on the basis of reproducible and quantifiable differences in behavior, for example, an increased propensity to metastasize. His team is using broad-based deep sequencing technologies to identify the genetic and epigenetic differences between these different cell types with the goal of deriving molecular signatures that underlie the specific tumor behavior. These molecular signatures will then be used to: (i) Identify novel ...
Compositions and Methods to Enhance the Immune Response
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
The immune response plays a critical role in protecting humans and animals from infection and the development of tumors. Compositions that increase the immune response (adjuvants) are therefore valuable for improving vaccine efficacy and the control of tumor growth and metastasis. Novel combinations of molecules that are immunostimulatory have been discovered. Certain of these adjuvants have been used to treat a variety of tumor types in mouse models and the results demonstrate dramatic reductions in tumor size and increased survival rates. ...
A Mechanism Of Acquired Resistance To B-Raf Inhibitor In Human Melanoma
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
UCLA researchers have identified mutually exclusive mechanisms of acquired resistance to B-RAF inhibitors. By utilizing resistant melanoma sub-lines, patient-derived biopsies and short-term cultures they determined that a subset exhibit a mutation in N-RAS, a component of the MAPK signaling pathway. Another subset exhibits activation of PDGFRβ, a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in additional cell proliferation and survival pathways. Knockdown of N-RAS or PDGFRβ significantly reduced the growth of the resistant melanomas. ...
Novel Method for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer Metastasis Dissemination
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
A UC San Diego researcher has developed a novel method, distinctly different from conventional approaches, to prevent and treat metastatic cancer dissemination and growth. This proprietary technology works by blocking some or all of the metastatic steps: Intravasation Extravasation Angiogenesis Furthermore, treatment may be employed at different stages of the metastatic dissemination process.
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
The researchers have found that activated NK cells induce the death of patient-derived tumors and human stem cells, including Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and Osteoblasts. Administration of activated NK cells may be effective in eliminating cancer stem cells to fully eradicate the disease.
Novel Method for the Rapid Fabrication of Brachytherapy Applicators
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Dr. Ke Sheng, Associate Clinical Professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology, and colleagues have developed a method to fabricate brachytherapy applicators. The present invention utilizes 3D CAD analytical software to reconstruct the surface from a patient's CT scan. Once the reconstruction is complete, the mold can be fabricated to fit the surface of the patient. Grooves or channels can be fabricated at the same time providing excellent localization for catheters that are connected to an HDR afterloader. A radioactive pellet ...
Improved Method for Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Dr. Bashir Tafti and colleagues at UCLA have developed a novel process to detect CTCs in epithelial tumors using peptidic ligands with high affinity for transformed epithelial cells. The receptor for one of these peptide ligands shows significant overexpression in several malignancies including colon, prostate, renal, and breast cancers; making it a suitable probe for the identification of these cancer cells. More notably, the receptor being targeted by this peptide is expressed on the surface of cells undergoing ...
New Drug Treatment for Large B-Cell Lymphomas or Other Hematopoietic Malignancies
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Addressing the need for new treatment options for the patients with indolent lymphomas, UC San Diego researchers have developed a new method to detect and treat lymphomas, including forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, based on targeting tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling (TNF-alpha; a multifunctional pro-inflammatory cytokine). This technology is focused on providing new treatment methods for the group of lymphoma patients characterized as resistant to conventional treatment. Specifically, this technology provides a means for: (a) detecting ...
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego researchers have developed an advanced aperture-based algorithm that significantly reduces the processing time for VMAT treatment plan optimization, permitting widespread clinical use of VMAT treatment techniques. This invention uses a column generation method that iteratively solves a sub-problem and a master problem efficiently. The sub-problem provides the most promising aperture to add to a given pool of allowable apertures while the master problem optimizes the intensities of selected apertures.
A Novel Immuno-PET Tracer for Imaging of CD20
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
UCLA researchers have developed the first humanized and non-internalized immunoPET tracers for imaging CD20. These tracers are fragments of a highly specific anti-CD20 antibody used to treat B cell malignancies. These engineered fragments maintain the high binding affinity of the parent antibody, and have several distinct advantages. The smaller probe size enables rapid tumor targeting and blood clearance, allowing next-day imaging. Lacking the bulk of the protein, these tracers are not internalized by cells, resulting in improved surface ...
Prognostic and Diagnostic Serum Biomarker for Cancer and Inflammatory Disease
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC inventors have identified and characterized a serum protein, YKL-40 (also known as CH13L1, HCgp39, and Brp39), which is diagnostic of pathological states characterized by tissue remodeling. In the absence of disease, this simple validated test detects a protein with extremely stable baseline expression. Numerous issued and pending patents cover proteins, antigenic sites, and antibodies that bind YLK-40. Claimed methods also cover screening and detection of disease, as well as overt specification of utility, for a number of types of cancer ...
Prognostic and Diagnostic Serum Biomarker for Cancer and Inflammatory Disease
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC inventors have identified and characterized a serum protein, YKL-40 (also known as CH13L1, HCgp39, and Brp39), which is diagnostic of pathological states characterized by tissue remodeling. In the absence of disease, this simple validated test detects a protein with extremely stable baseline expression. Numerous issued and pending patents cover proteins, antigenic sites, and antibodies that bind YLK-40. Claimed methods also cover screening and detection of disease, as well as overt specification of utility, for a number of types of cancer ...
Self-Adjuvanting Viral, Bacterial, Parasitic, and Tumor Vaccines
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Scientists at UC San Diego have developed compositions and methods to enhance an immune response in order to prevent or treat infections or hyperproliferative diseases, such as cancer. More particularly, the composition is an immunostimulatory intracellular signaling peptide fused directly or indirectly to a peptide that leads to multimerization into complexes of three or more units, where the intracellular signaling peptide must be present in a complex of three or more units in order to stimulate an immune response. Inserting this fusion ...
Human Fetal Prostate Cells for the Study of Human Tumors
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
UCLA researchers in the laboratory of Dr. Isla Garraway have isolated human fetal prostate cells to regenerate primary prostate tumors. The fetal prostate stromal cell line has been shown to support in vivo regeneration of human prostate tissue when combined with normal adult or fetal epithelial cells, as well as primary human prostate tumor cells. The present invention provides a unique cell line to investigate the genetic factors in tumorigenesis and disease progression, identify cancer stem cells, and evaluate the effectiveness of ...
Novel Therapeutic Analogues of Metformin for the Treatment of Cancers
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Dr. Richard Pietras, Director of the Stiles Program in Integrative Oncology in the UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Dr. Michael Jung from the Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry at UCLA have recently synthesized novel analogues of metformin, the most commonly prescribed drug to treat type 2 diabetes. These metformin analogues have anticancer activity in breast cancer cell lines, particularly those derived from TNBC. Further, the analogues also exhibit significant antitumor activity in melanoma, lung, and pancreatic cancers. ...
Novel Dual Therapy For Eradication Of Helicobacter Pylori
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Dr. George Sachs and colleagues at UCLA/VA have developed a novel dual therapy to eradicate H. pylori. By using a more effective proton pump inhibitor that raises the gastric pH to near-neutral, researchers are able to increase the proportion of growth-phase H. pylori, which are sensitive to antibiotics. The result is an increase in the bactericidal rate of amoxicillin greater than 10-fold in vitro.
Antibody-based Agents for Imaging in vivo CD8 Expression
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Researchers in the laboratory of Dr. Anna Wu in the department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology have developed an antibody-based agent for imaging in vivo CD8 expression in mouse models of disease. The present invention utilizes the sequencing of the variable domains of anti-mouse-CD8 from hybridomas for the subsequent engineering into antibody fragments, such as, but not limited to, scFv's, diabodies, minibodies and scFv-Fc's. The antibody is subsequently conjugated to a radioisotope or fluorophore to enable visualization of ...
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
SIO scientists have developed effective methods to cultivate unique marine microorganisms, which are a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Using state of the art methods in microbiology and natural products chemistry, cultures are isolated for use in discovery of new compounds. Pure compounds as well as extract and fraction libraries are stored in a 96-well plate format and are readily available for testing at standardized concentrations.
3D Transurethral Catheter-based Ultrasound System For Multi-modal Fusion in Prostate Imaging
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
UCLA researchers in the Department of Bioengineering have developed a transurethral catheter-based ultrasound system (TUUS) for imaging the prostate in real-time. The system utilizes a flexible 2D array of piezoelectric elements that integrates with the catheter body and does not require mechanical manipulation to capture images, rather acquiring 3-dimensional images through electronic steering. This feature reduces motion errors in the image and allows reliable registration of the ultrasound image to CT and MRI scans of the ...
NMR Probe for the Detection of Microstructures
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
UCLA researchers developed a NMR probe with sensitivity superior to current designs. It contains a novel noise reduction mechanism, making it the most sensitive probe of its kind. These properties allow the detection of metabolites at the single cell level. Additionally, the probe has a planar configuration, making it ideally suited for microfluidic chips used for diagnosis and prognosis. It is also made with an ultra small detection region, 0.08 mm length by 0.05 mm width by 0.05 mm high, for samples of small volume and low concentration ...
Novel Combination of Two Approved Drugs for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
Organization: University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
The present invention details a targeted therapy using two approved drugs - Everolimus (Rad001), a rapamycin derivative and Arsenic trioxide (ATO) - that synergize to achieve enhanced anticancer effects with fewer side effects.
Superior Software for Designing Oligonucleotide Probe Pool: PP-Designer v2.0
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego researchers have developed a software system, Padlock Probe-Designer (PP-Designer) that automatically constructs customizable primers of padlock and non-padlock DNA or RNA probes to any sequenced, annotated genome. These primers are designed to have higher specificities and affinities to their target sequences. Using PP-Designer v1.0, 90-99 percent target specificity from a pool of ~10,000 padlock probes has been demonstrated; it achieves a level of multiplexing far exceeding any comparable assays with traditional primer pairs. ...
A Gene Delivery System to Express and Evaluate HCV Proteins in Mice
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed a new mouse model to investigate the delivery and in vivo expression of various HCV proteins, including the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Expression of RdRp in mice induces hepatitis and promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinomas. This invention provides an in vivo system for investigating the mechanism of HCV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis and may be useful for large-scale preclinical screening of HCV RdRp inhibitors.
A Marker and Therapeutic Target for the PI3K Pathway
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers from UC San Diego have identified which two phosphotyrosines in GIV interact directly with two domains of PI3K that stabilize receptor association of PI3K and trigger production of PIP3 (phosphotidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate) at the plasma membrane during cell migration. Previously, GIV was shown to be a novel metastasis-related protein whose full-length transcript (GIV-fl) is expressed exclusively in highly invasive colon, breast, and pancreatic carcinoma cells and not in their poorly invasive counterparts ...
A Method to Induce CTL Response in Immune Deficient Patients
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at UC San Diego have discovered that, by directly linking ISS to specific antigens, CTLs can be activated independent of helper T cells. This makes it possible to use ISS to increase CTL function in helper T cell-deficient individuals, such as those undergoing chemotherapy, with AIDS, or with hereditary immunodeficiencies.
Pro-Drug Conjugates Able to Deliver Precise Ratios of Active Drugs
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
To date, the efficacy of combination drug therapy has been severely limited by the fact that each drug has a unique pharmacokinetic profile, which makes it impossible to control the molar ratio of different drugs taken up by the same diseased cells. Inventors at UC San Diego have developed a proprietary nanoparticle that is able to deliver defined molar ratios of therapeutics in the form of a prodrug. Upon delivery to a target cell, the pH-sensitive bonds are cleaved and the cocktail of active drugs is released in the cells of interest.
Method of Increasing Efficacy of Tumor-Cell Killing Using Combinations of Anti-Neoplastic Agent
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed a method of improving the killing efficacy of treatments for neoplasias using CD33-binding agents. This technology achieves the improvement by treating a patient with a substance that increases the amount of active Syk protein and/or SHP-l protein in the target neoplastic cells before or during treatment with an agent that specifically binds the CD33 protein.
A Potent Peptide Adjuvant for Vaccines and Immunotherapies
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego researchers have discovered a short peptide that acts as a potent adjuvant directly on myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) to potentiate cellular immune responses to peptide antigen and both cellular and humoral immune responses to protein antigen in vivo. The short peptide, named Hp91, has a sequence corresponding to an area within the endogenous molecule high-mobility group box (HMGB1) protein 1. Hp91 promotes both Th1 and Th2 types of immune responses, and the in vivo production of the immunomodulatory cytokines, IFN-γ, ...
Biomarker for Efficacy of Allosteric RAF Inhibitors
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Scientists at UC San Diego have discovered that allosteric RAF kinase inhibitors, but not ATP-competitive RAF inhibitors, are optimal agents for blocking proliferating cells. Blocking cell proliferation with allosteric RAF inhibitors will potentially reduce the level of certain diseases, such as all types of cancer and inflammatory diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease).The invention also provides 1) a method to determine the patients that would benefit from ...
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Scientists at UC San Diego have found a family of small molecule inhibitors that specifically binds to SSH-2. These compounds represent the first inhibitors of a phosphatase that regulates the F-actin depolymerization.The inventors used a molecular docking simulation software (DOCK 6.0) to virtually screen open-source chemical databases and determined the binding affinities to 18 of DSPs with known three-dimensional structures as determined by x-ray crystallography, including SSH-2, VHR (DUSP3), VHY (DUSP15), VHZ (DUSP23), VH1 ...
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Inventors at UC San Diego have recently developed compositions of matter, methods of use, and methods of manufacturing vehicles that can be triggered like a microbubble but with the stability of a traditional liposome. This allows them to take advantage of the years of liposome technology with the added benefit of ultrasound triggering. By packaging an acoustically sensitive nanoparticle with specific lipids, the therapeutic payload is stabilized until application of focused ultrasound, which releases the payload only in tissues of ...
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers from UC San Diego have developed a method to target cells expressing ROR1 for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes based on the generation of an anti-ROR1 antibody single-chain variable fragment (scFv) conjugated to biologically active molecules that directs T-cells to respond to ROR1 cancer cells. Such conjugates may comprise a chimeric receptor to direct T cells to respond to ROR1 cancer cells.The present technology is a further advancement of previously disclosed research, detailed separately as SD2005-212.The present ...
Wnt and Frizzled Receptors as Targets of Immunotherapy in Human Cancers
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego researchers have identified proprietary methods for using antibodies to treat head and neck, as well as breast cancer, by specifically targeting components of the Wnt signaling pathway. Issued claims cover use of antibodies for immunotherapy [4] and for evaluating expression of components of the Wnt/Frizzled signaling pathway in human cancers. Such assessment may prove vital for evaluating the utility of drugs for specific patient populations and the efficacy of a treatment.
Irofulven and Novel Derivatives for Cancer Treatment
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
In a continuing effort to improve target and site selectivity, UC San Diego researchers have synthesized numerous, novel derivatives of the acylfulvene, irofulven. Irofulven has progressed through Phase II clinical trials and newer compositions have been assessed in terms of pre-clinical, in vivo efficacy, structure–activity correlations, and mechanism of action.
Compositions and Methods for Determining Cancer Stem Cell Self-Renewal Potential
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed a method for determining the self-renewal potential of CSCs. This technology involves CSC-specific analysis and quantitation of key players (splice variants of proteins and transcripts) in metabolic pathways that are critical for cell survival and self-renewal. The analysis of the cross-talk within cell survival and self-renewal pathways enables the: Determination of the self-renewal potential of cancer stem cells.Determination of the prognosis or malignant potential of cancer from the ...
New Compound that Stimulates Immune Cells to Eliminate Cancers
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
A scientist from UC San Diego has developed a method to treat and prevent cancer using a related compound that does not appear to cause distressful side effects (in mice). When expressed in tumor cells, this compound leads to activation of the immune system, resulting in elimination of the tumor. This compound may be administered to mice or patients via several methods (e.g. recombinant protein administered intravenously; gene expressing this compound transduced into a tumor cell and subsequent transplantation into subject).
Biological "Cloaking" of Nanoparticles for Cancer Drug Delivery
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC inventors have developed and tested an RBC membrane-camouflaged polymeric nanoparticle platform, which essentially “cloaks” a nanoparticle surface with the surface membrane of an erythrocyte, consisting of both membrane lipids and associated proteins. These “cloaked” nanoparticles provide significant advantages over structurally analogous lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (which already enable a longer systemic circulation lifetime and more sustained drug release profile compared to polymeric nanoparticles ...
A Restriction Spectrum Imaging Method and Device for Probing Tissue Microstructure
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego researchers have developed an advanced diffusion MRI method, which can be used to probe tissue orientation structures over a range (or "spectrum") of hindered and restricted diffusion length scales with minimal assumptions on the underlying microarchitecture. The invention uses a linear mixture model to relate biological tissue parameters to diffusion MRI signals, which may be collected with various combinations of diffusion gradient strengths, diffusion times, diffusion weighting factors ("b-values"), and diffusion ...
Biomarker for Assessing Efficacy and Utility of Cancer Therapeutics (Integrin Antagonists)
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Inventors at UC San Diego have validated methods for identifying individuals who will be responsive to drugs that act by events downstream of activation of the alpha v-beta3 (αvβ3) integrin pathway. By assessing a specific phosphorylation of a downstream peptide (C-RAF), this diagnostic can assess the efficacy of drugs that: Directly block activation of the αvβ3 pathway.Block ligand-αvβ3 interactions.Block specific phosphorylation of the C-RAF polypeptide. This approach enables drug companies to improve ...
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at the University of California have developed novel heterocyclic compounds that protect normal cells from apoptosis. These compounds are active in vitro in the nanomolar range and prevent apoptosis in cells treated with glucocorticoids or ionizing radiation. In addition, the compounds also significantly increase survival rates of mice irradiated with gamma rays with no observable toxicity.
Novel Compositions for Cancer Therapy (Proteasomes Inhibitors)
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Within mammalian cells, proteasome inhibitors block the ability of proteasomes to degrade unneeded or damaged proteins. When administered, proteasome inhibitors have been shown to be effective for treatment of cancer, HIV infection and autoimmune diseases. UC inventors have isolated, characterized and synthesized a natural proteasome inhibitor, discovered from a tropical marine cyanobacteria. Proprietary compositions (parent and analogs), which have intriguing and unique structural features, are claimed for treatment of cancer and other ...
Unique Compound Inhibits Angiogenesis in Cancer and Eye Diseases
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
University researchers have synthesized a novel lipopeptide, Somocystinamide A (ScA), which is a synthetic version of a compound isolated from marine cyanobacteria. ScA is distinguished by a lipophilic structure similar to native membrane components and this unique structure enables ScA to directly integrate into cellular membranes, perturb normal lipid homeostasis and selectively activate caspase 8, leading to programmed cell death.
Marine Natural Product Yields Cancer Therapeutic (NCE)
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC inventors have used human cancer bio-assays to identify, isolate and characterize novel compositions from marine cyanobacteria. Subsequent work with parent compounds and potent analogs has yielded compositions of matter, methods for synthesis and methods of using Apratoxins F & G to treat cancer.
Therapeutic Approach Targeting Malignant Reprogramming in CML Stem Cells
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process that yields diversified RNA products, which can also have distinct functions. UC inventors have defined a novel target for CML therapeutics. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of ADAR1, which is one of a family of enzymes responsible for A-to-I RNA editing and normal hematopoiesis. Inventors have found that the editing process yields modified cellular RNAs, which have characteristic patterns through the progression of CML from Chronic to Blast Crisis forms of the disease. The crucial ...
Biomarker to Enable Eradication of CML Stem Cells
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC researchers have found that non-cycling stem cells in protected niches express distinctive patterns of Bcl-2 mRNA isoforms. Such information on cell cycle status and isoform profile may yield:A predictive biomarker for CSC drug susceptibility; A determination of cancer prognosis and progression; and An indicator of patient CSC response to anti-cancer therapies.
Biomarkers and Methods to Treat Leukemia (T-ALL) Stem Cells
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
University researchers have a) characterized a set of biomarkers that identify the most potent leukemic stem cell population in T-ALL and b) found a means of specifically treating this resistant population. Specifically, inventors have validated means of reducing LSC burden by inhibiting Notch signaling in a niche-protected subpopulation of LSC.
Detection And Therapy Of Bladder Pathologies
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UCSD researchers have invented a method to treat bladder cancer using peptide-conjugated nanoparticles that encapsulate synthetic Toll-like receptor 7 ligands (TLR7). TLR7 ligands are potent inducers of inflammation in the bladder, and their use does not result in any of the issues caused by BCG. In addition, certain peptides are conjugated to the nanoparticles in order to enhance binding and penetration of the damaged bladder urothelium. As an additional step, photochemistry is used to "glue" the particles to the bladder wall, therefore ...
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
This invention uses multi-functional magnetic imaging probes to image high risk atherosclerosis and nonatherosclerotic sites such as areas of cancer, infection, immunological conditions and inflammation. The invention incorporates the use of micelles containing the manganese to which are attached to oxidation specific antibodies. This multi-functional particle is injected intravenously and will enter an area of atherosclerotic plaque in the vessel wall or other site of inflammation (primary or metastatic cancer, liver disease, arthritis, ...
Anti-tumor Properties of Particular Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for ROR-1
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
The researchers recently discovered the expression of this once-protein on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and have demonstrated the expression of this protein on a variety of cancers. Because of its putative role in promoting oncogenesis and therfore potential to serve as diagnostic and therapeutic target, the researchers have created a number of antibodies that target the extracellular portion of he human ROR1 protein.
HIPPO Pathway Intersects Downstream of GPCR Signaling
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UCSD researchers have revealed that the Hippo pathway can be affected by GPCR signaling via the G12/13 receptors. Depending on the signaling molecules used, the kinases Lats 1/2 could be either inhibited or activated. When inhibited, transcription of the oncoproteins YAP and TAZ was activated. When activated, the oncoprotein functions were inhibited. This 'two-way' street was modulated by extracellular, diffusible signals and establishes the Hippo-YAP pathway as a significant part of the downstream GPCR signaling cascade. It is known that ...
New Chemical Entities for Treatment of Brain Cancer
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
New chemical entities have been identified and methods of use are validated for a number of candidate, small molecule therapeutics that are highly specific for cancer stem cells in the central nervous system (CNS). The compositions directly inhibit a transcriptional repressor (OLIG2), that is highly expressed in all diffuse gliomas and is found in virtually 100% of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells that are positive for the tumorigenic CD133 stem cell marker. Equally importantly, except for the neural stem cell germinal zones, and ...
Patient-derived, Murine Model of Prostate Cancer
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Injection of patient-derived prostate cancer bone metastasis specimens into femurs of immunodeficient (Rag2-/-;IL2Rγc-/-) mice engendered serially transplantable tumors, which have been used to dissect the complex interactions between prostate cancer and the bone. In addition, the model enables new approaches to understand mechanisms of therapy-resistance that inevitably arise for bone metastatic prostate cancer.
Novel Stress Biomarker for Diagnosing Cancer
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Caveolin is a membrane structural protein that is has been found to associate with cellular stress. UCSD researchers have discovered a correlation between high levels of caveolin expression and colon cancer.
New Target to Inhibit Metastasis of Colon Cancer
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UCSD researchers have shown that by targeting inflammatory cytokines that are involved in the deterioration of the intestinal epithelia in colon cancer can be prevented or treated.
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego researchers have discovered a method to affect T cell tolerance/exhaustion programs operating in T cells using a known pathway and with known approved compounds and/or existing technology. Manipulation of this pathway alters T cell tolerance/exhaustion decisions, and, when maximally activated, results in T cell-dependent tissue damage (i.e. of tumors) where normal T cells would tolerate/exhaust. Few methods exist to overcome T cell tolerance/exhaustion, and this method targets a pathway that has not been used in ...
ROR1 Monoclonal Antibody for Cancer Treatment
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UCSD researchers have identified epitopes within ROR1 that is associated with ROR1 down regulation and have developed monoclonal antibodies against these specific epitopes. Further, it was found that these monoclonal antibodies were not only efficacious against specific cancer types but also played a role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is considered to factor prominently in tumor progression.
Novel Method to Detect and Monitor Infection and Inflammation in situ and in vivo
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UCSD researchers have developed a strategy whereas a reacting agent or catalytic material is introduced in vivo to convert H2O2 into water and oxygen bubbles, so that the bubbles can be visualized using an ultrasound imaging device due to the fact that gas bubbles cause strong ultrasound scatters.
Designer Glycopeptides for Cytotoxic T Cell-based Immunotherapy of Carcinomas
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UCSD researchers have invented TACA-containing designer glycopeptides that provide a new way to activate cytotoxic T cells against tumor cells.
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at UCSD have synthesized a number of new nucleoside compounds that may have advantages in certain antiviral and anticancer indications. These compounds are new acyclic nucleoside phosphonates that may have less toxicity than traditional nucleoside compounds.
Personalizing Chemotherapy Using Network-based Stratification of Tumors
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UCSD researchers have developed an algorithm to incorporate somatic mutation data into signaling networks resulting in more accurate and reproducible sub-typing of tumors. Using this technique called Network-based Stratification, the researchers were able to stratify patients into subgroups with significant differences in survival, which indicates significant clinical relevance.
Skin Commensal Bacterial as Non-invasive Sensors for Skin Cancer and Other Environmental Risk
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UCSD researchers have developed a diagnostic method to monitor risk of developing cancer and other illnesses following radiation exposure by examining human skin commensal bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). P. acnes or other skin commensal bacteria can serve as early surrogate markers for radiation risk because the bacteria are immediately responsive to radiation. In addition, the bacteria are readily accessible and exposed to the same field of radiation as the human body. All forms of radiation could be monitored, including ...
Ewing's Sarcoma Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego investigators have identified biomarkers associated with poor Ewing’s sarcoma survival. Expression of one of these biomarkers, the TWIST1 gene, is associated with metastasis and poor patient survival.
Fungal Drug with a New Function in Cancer Therapy
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego researchers have found a new role for Ciclopirox olamine (CPX) when used in combination with the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine. The combination has been shown to act synergistically and kill chemo resistant cancer cells using a unique mechanism. This is the first report where CPX in combination has been shown to kill cancer cells which are resistant to chemotherapy. The combination has been tested in vivo for treating the animal models of pancreatic cancers. The treatment has been shown to be potent in low doses and is less toxic ...
Biomarkers and Targets for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
UC San Diego investigators have identified several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that have expression patters potentially useful as biomarkers for determining different stages of CLL. GPCRs are attractive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for disease treatment since they are expressed on the plasma membrane and are often tissue-specific. The UC San Diego investigators have found, for example, that expression of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1 (VIPR1), a Gs-coupled GPCR, increases over 700-fold in aggressive CLL compared to ...
Synthetic Polyketide-Derived Anticancer Compounds
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
Researchers at UC San Diego discovered a consensus motif derived through a combination of chemical and biological studies on FD-895 and related pladienolide polyetides. These studies not only demonstrate a a pharmacologically-advanced analog but also provide one of the most potent splicing inhibitors discovered to date, with a favorable therapeutic index and pharmacological properties.
Diagnostic Targets for Myeloid Leukemia
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
The invention described here provides diagnostic, prognostic and treatment methods and compositions for AML and other solid tissue cancer by targeting certain pathways or by inhibiting specific membrane protein expression. It has been shown that AML development can be impaired following specific pathway inhibition; the membrane protein is a downstream target, and loss of this protein leads to severe impairment of leukemia propagation. Evaluation of patient samples revealed that this protein expression is upregulated as patients enter the ...
Highly Sensitive Assay for Diverse Genetic Lesions in Cancer Patient Genomic DNA
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
The invention is a PCR-based clinical assay (and associated software), which is used to detect tumor-specific genetic markers in a heterogeneous tissue sample. Once the patient specific marker has been identified, it can be used to monitor the patient's therapeutic response, remission, and relapse and a signal is generated only when a tumor-specific genetic lesion is present within a patient's DNA sample. For example, the CDKN2a gene locus is deleted in 33% of cancers and the precise length of the deleted segment varies widely - from ...
Ultrasound Device for Measuring Breast Density
Organization: University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego)
The invention is an ultrasound device to quickly measure the density of breast tissue to assess the risk factor for breast cancer. The device consists of a minimum of an array of transducers that send pulses of high frequency sound (e.g. 2 MHz) through the breast. An algorithm measures the breast tissue sound speed and attenuation and displays the measured sound speed and attenuation of the breast plus effective breast density based on standardized calibration tables. The mammographic breast density also can be displayed using the BIRADS ...
