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REAGENTS AND METHODS FOR PROMOTING ARTERIAL ENDOTHELIUM DIFFERENTIATION AND NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION
\r\n\r\nUW-Madison researchers have developed a reporter cell line for identifying compounds that promote endothelial cell differentiation… more\r\n\r\nUW-Madison researchers have developed a reporter cell line for identifying compounds that promote endothelial cell differentiation and nitric oxide production and identified four compounds that promote nitric oxide production as well as arterial endothelial cell differentiation. less
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Primary:
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF)
Date posted:
Apr 17, 2024
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MAGNETIC RESONANCE ELASTOGRAPHY SYSTEM FOR THE PROSTATE
There is a critical need for significant improvements in image-based assessment of the prostate in men… moreThere is a critical need for significant improvements in image-based assessment of the prostate in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). MRE has been used to image the prostate using a both abdominal and transperineal drivers to apply rapidly varying pressure to the perineum in order to produce the necessary compression waves. The transperineal driver provides a cylinder attached to a patient table with an internal movable piston driven pneumatically by a remote pressure source operating at about 45 Hz. Resulting MRE images produced using this driver suffer from poor quality due in part to patient motion.\r\n\r\nUW-Madison researchers have developed a lightweight, disposable, trans-perineal passive diver for magnetic resonance elastography. The device includes an anchoring mechanism that allows the passive driver to be secured firmly in place. The transperineal approach brings the passive driver much closer to the prostate and removes the intervening structures that interfere with wave propagation from the abdominal/pelvic wall approach. Active driver frequency can be increased (from ~60Hz to 100-110Hz) which significantly improves image resolution. The anchoring mechanism firmly fixes the passive driver to the perineum thereby mitigating patient-related motion. This approach improves image quality and reproducibility (which is a critical need for image-based biomarkers). less
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Primary:
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF)
Date posted:
Apr 17, 2024
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STORAGE I/O MANAGEMENT UNIT FOR SOLID-STATE DRIVES
\r\n\r\nUW-Madison researchers have created a fast storage innovation that can achieve good performance while enabling secure… more\r\n\r\nUW-Madison researchers have created a fast storage innovation that can achieve good performance while enabling secure sharing of devices amongst applications. The design repurposes the existing hardware mechanisms for translating memory addresses to also provide translation for internal storage addresses, namely the IOMMU.
While other technologies exist to allow direct device access, this innovation does not allow access to files (only raw devices) and does not support shared access from multiple applications. First, a kernel maps a file into user space at a “File Virtual Address” (FVA) and creates augmented page table entries for this address. Then the user process accesses the device directly using instructions along with FVA and a process address space ID. The device employs IOMMU to translate FVA to Logical Block Addresses (LBA); translation fails if user doesn't have access permissions. less
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Primary:
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF)
Date posted:
Apr 16, 2024
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TRANSFER OF NANOSTRUCTURES USING CROSSLINKABLE COPOLYMER FILMS
Semiconducting graphene nanoribbons are promising candidates for succeeding and/or complementing silicon (Si) in logic… moreSemiconducting graphene nanoribbons are promising candidates for succeeding and/or complementing silicon (Si) in logic microprocessors and Group III-V compounds in radio frequency devices and for integrating into emerging thin film, optoelectronic, spintronic, and quantum devices because of their large current-carrying capacity, high carrier velocity, bandgap tunability, and outstanding thin-body electrostatic control. To meet the demands of most of these applications, nanoribbons narrower than 5 nm are desirable, as they can have technologically relevant bandgaps arising from quantum confinement effects.\r\n\r\nUW researchers have developed a method for transferring sub-10 nm width graphene nanoribbons to other substrates with high yields. The key to the improved method is the use copolymer polymerized from non-crosslinking monomers and comonomers.. The method should also work well with carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, nanowires, etc.
For example, after synthesis, nanoribbons are transferred to SiO2 on Si with a copolymer of crosslinkable PMMA. The copolymer consisting of 96 mol % MMA with 4 mol % of thermally cross-linkable GMA, PMMA-GMA, is spin-coated on the sample, and the films are thermally annealed to promote better bonding of the copolymer with the nanoribbon/Ge substrate. Excess polymer is removed by rinsing in toluene, resulting in a film that is 3 to 5 nm in thickness. Additional PMMA is spin-coated on top of the PMMA-GMA film, and the substrate is annealed in a nitrogen environment. The backside of the sample that is uncoated with polymer undergoes an oxygen plasma etch to remove graphene. The sample is then floated on 3:1:1 H2O:HF:H2O2 to etch the Ge substrate. The nanoribbon/polymer membrane is transferred from the Ge etchant to three successive water baths and finally to a piranha cleaned SiO2 on Si substrate. The substrate is spin dried and then annealed in an N2 environment. The substrate is soaked in acetone and subsequently thermally annealed to remove polymer residue. less
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Primary:
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF)
Date posted:
Apr 16, 2024
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COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE USING PROGRAM COUNTER INDEXED DATA ADDRESS TRANSLATION
\r\n\r\nUW-Madison researchers have designed a non-traditional approach to memory address translation. PC-Indexed Data Address Translation (PCAX… more\r\n\r\nUW-Madison researchers have designed a non-traditional approach to memory address translation. PC-Indexed Data Address Translation (PCAX), assists with conventional data address translation which employs a conventional Data Translation Lookaside Buffer. The approach relies on using the identity of an instruction (the instruction PC), and not on the actual data address, to obtain a page table entry for the data address that is expected to be accessed by the instruction. PCAX is intended to be used for a small subset of load instructions: those whose data translation access is expected to miss in a CDLTB.
The inventors have determined that: (1) a relatively small number of instructions statically identified by their program counter (PC) values are responsible for a disproportionate number of misses in a TLB, and (2) dynamic instances of these instructions frequently access the same page table entry. Accordingly, a relatively small table indexed with the PC value of an instruction, and holding page table entry information (pairs of virtual and physical memory addresses) can be used to provide an address translation for the data that the instruction is accessing, producing an acceleration in translation time and also providing energy savings. less
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Primary:
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF)
Date posted:
Apr 15, 2024
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SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND MEDIA FOR SINGLE-PHOTON IMAGING WITH PRIMPOVED ENERGY EFFICIENCY
\r\n\r\nUW-Madison researchers and collaborators have created a computational imaging framework called photon inhibition to make single-photon… more\r\n\r\nUW-Madison researchers and collaborators have created a computational imaging framework called photon inhibition to make single-photon cameras (SPCs) energy efficient. Photon inhibition strategically allocates detections in space and time based on vision task goals and resource constraints. There are lightweight, on-sensor computational inhibition policies that use past photon data to disable SPAD pixels in real-time, to select the most informative future photons. On real-world videos captured by an SPC, inhibition policies adapt to light levels to maintain task performance while inhibiting over 90% of photons. less
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Primary:
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF)
Date posted:
Apr 10, 2024
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VACCINE ADJUVANTS, TRANSFECTION REAGENTS, AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME
\r\n\r\nUW-Madison researchers have developed a new combination adjuvant composition (dubbed QTAP) that combines two safe adjuvants… more\r\n\r\nUW-Madison researchers have developed a new combination adjuvant composition (dubbed QTAP) that combines two safe adjuvants (Quil-A and DOTAP) using a nanoparticle preparation protocol developed by the inventors at UW-Madison. Among several formulas and preparation protocols, the inventors found a novel adjuvant composition that can incorporate both RNA and DNA antigens (with an incorporation rate of 99%) and which provides sustained release of the antigen payload over long periods of time (tested up to 30 days so far). Particle sizes of the developed nanoadjuvant with the antigen payload (e.g., RNA) were less than 100 nanometers (nm). When RNA encoding reporter genes such as GFP and Luciferase are entrapped in QTAP nanoadjuvant and used to transfect cells, the inventors could quantitatively detect the encoded proteins using techniques such as flow cytometry, Western blot, and fluorescence microscopy. Most importantly, QTAP by itself can induce an immune response in murine macrophages and this response was further amplified when mRNA encoding mycobacterial proteins was used. less
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Primary:
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF)
Date posted:
Apr 9, 2024
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NUCLEATION LAYER DESIGN FOR THE GROWTH OF INDIUM-CONTAINING GROUP III-NITRIDE-BASED LONG WAVELENGTH EMITTERS
Group III-nitride semiconductors are characterized by the ability to cover a wide emission wavelength range from… moreGroup III-nitride semiconductors are characterized by the ability to cover a wide emission wavelength range from the deep ultraviolet (UV) to the near infrared (NIR) (i.e., from 6.2 eV to 0.7 eV). InGaN and AlGaN alloys can cover this emission wavelength range by tuning the indium (In) and aluminum (Al) contents in the alloy composition. However, as the In content of an InGaN alloy increases, it becomes more difficult to grow InGaN as a high-quality crystal, and this represents a significant challenge to the fabrication of longer emission light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using InGaN.
One reason it is difficult to grow high-quality In-containing group III-nitride alloys, such as InGaN, with a high In-content InGaN is that In evaporates preferentially at high temperatures. Therefore, low-temperature growth oflnGaN is commonly used to maintain a high In content in the alloy. However, low temperature growth is sub-optimal for achieving a high crystal quality, so InGaN grown at low temperatures (e.g., < 900 °C) is typically characterized by a high defect density, including a high surface defect density, and a rough surface. As a result, light-emitting active regions grown on the low-quality InGaN have low efficiencies.\r\n\r\nUW-Madison researcher have developed Group III-nitride heterostructures that include a strain-relaxed In-containing group III-nitride layer with a high crystal quality for use as buffer layers in the fabrication of light¬ emitting devices. The technology can also be used for light-emitting devices, such as LEDs and LDs, that incorporate the heterostructures and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) methods for growing the heterostructures. The methods can be used to grow InGaN alloys and other In-containing group III-nitrides with a wide range of In contents; however, the methods are particularly suited for the growth of In-containing group III-nitride less
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Primary:
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF)
Date posted:
Apr 8, 2024
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cfDNA Fragmentomic Detection Of Cancer
\r\n\r\nUW-Madison researchers have developed a method of identifying and characterizing DNA fragmentation patterns in circulating tumor… more\r\n\r\nUW-Madison researchers have developed a method of identifying and characterizing DNA fragmentation patterns in circulating tumor cells using targeted circulating tumor cell DNA (ctDNA) panels. These researchers trained an algorithm to identify DNA fragmentation patterns using commercially available target ctDNA gene panels to identify the presence of cancer and determine the type of cancer. Presently, whole genome sequencing needs to be performed to obtain and use this fragmentomics information from circulating tumor cells. That process adds an additional step in the genetic analysis of the DNA in these cells adding additional cost. This method can be run simultaneously with genetic mutation and gene expression assays using commercially available targeted ctDNA gene panels streamlining and improving accuracy of cancer diagnostics.
The inventors recognize that the data they have is preliminary data and will need further validation, but they wanted to disclose this because this space is very competitive. When using overall and transcription factor fragmentomic patterns in a small public targeted panel dataset, this trained model can predict normal cell vs. lung cancer vs. breast cancer with ~80% overall accuracy. They plan to continue to explore whether this method of extracting fragmentation information from targeted circulating tumor gene panels can be expanded to other cancer types. They also plan to test the method looking for more complex fragmentation patterns. less
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Primary:
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF)
Date posted:
Apr 4, 2024
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MODULE TO INTEGRATE SINGLE CELL AUTOFLUORESCENCE LIFETIMES WITH SINGLE-CELL TRANSCRIPTION (SCRNA-SEQ)
\r\n\r\nUW-Madison and Morgridge Institute for Research researchers have created the first high throughput instrument to… more\r\n\r\nUW-Madison and Morgridge Institute for Research researchers have created the first high throughput instrument to integrate single cell autofluorescence lifetimes with single-cell transcription (scRNA-seq) data. The new module allows cell-to-cell correspondence between high-throughput autofluorescence lifetimes in a flow-based system and scRNA-seq. Specifically, a single cell deposition module interfaces with an autofluorescence flow sorter and deposits single cells into each well of a 384 well plate. The system uses a novel microfluidic channel design required tuning sheath flow rate (80 µL/min), cell flow velocities (2 mm/sec) and dilution factors (<100k cells/mL) to ensure that one cell is present within every 2µL drop from a 34 Ga needle. The timing of single cell events within the autofluorescence lifetime flow sorter is also tuned to optimize photon counts for reliable lifetime recovery (5 ms per cell). Finally, the volume of each drop within each well is controlled to ensure specifications for commercial single cell sequencing (2µL). less
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Primary:
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF)
Date posted:
Apr 3, 2024
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